Chứng minh số \(x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\) không phải là số tự nhiên.
a rút gọn biểu thức: T=\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
b tìm số tự nhiên n thỏa mãn
\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Với n\(\in N\)* có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)
a) Áp dụng (*) vào T
\(\Rightarrow T=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
b) Có \(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}=5\Leftrightarrow n=24\) (tm)
Vậy n=24.
Cho \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{3+4}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{99+100}\). Chứng minh \(x< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 40: Chứng minh rằng:
a) \(A=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}=9\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
Cho x=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{1+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2+3}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{99+100}\)
chung minh x<\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+(n+1)}< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}})\) theo BĐT Cô-si.
Do đó:
\(x< \frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\right]=\frac{1}{2}(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}})< \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm.
cho B=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{98}+\sqrt{99}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\).số nghiệm của phương trình \(x^3+3Bx^2+27Bx+9B^2=0\) là ?
\(B=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{2}+1\right)}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}\right)}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\right)\left(\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{99}\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-1}{1}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{1}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{1}\)
\(=\sqrt{100}-1=9\)
\(x^3+3.9x^2+3.9^2x+9^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+9\right)^3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-9\)
chung minh \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+........+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\) không phải là số nguyên
rút gọn biểu thức:
ta có dạng tổng quát : \($\frac{1} { $\sqrt{a}\)
Chứng minh đẳng thức sau:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)=9
VT tương đương với \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{1}-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}}{99-100}\)
\(=\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{99}-....-\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}\) (kiểu do mẫu số nó có kết quả âm nên đảo lại phép)
\(=10-1=9=VP\)
Chứng minh rằng: \(S=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\) là một số nguyên
\(\forall n\in N\) ta luôn có \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\) (*)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n+1\right)-n=1\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy (*) được chứng minh.
Áp dụng với \(n=1;2;3;...;99\) ta có
\(S=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\)
\(=\sqrt{100}-1=10-1=9\)
Vậy S là 1 số nguyên.
\(S=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\\ S=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{2}}{1-2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{3}}{2-3}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{99}-\sqrt{100}}{99-100}\\ S=\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}\\ S=-1+\sqrt{100}=9\)
Chứng minh rằng :\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)>10
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(...............\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{98}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{1}{10}\)
Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}>\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{99}{10}\)
Lại có \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{1}{10}\) suy ra:
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{100}{10}=10\)
Ta có:
1/√1>1/√100=1/10
1/√2>1/√100=1/10
........
1/√100=1/√100=1/10
Nên:
1/√1+1/√2+...+1/√100>1/10+1/10+...+1/10(100 phân số 1/10)
=1/√1+1/√2+..+1/√100>100/10
1/√1+1/√2+..+1/√100>10(đpcm)
Ta có:
1√1>1√100=11011>1100=110
1√2>1√100=11012>1100=110
..............................
1√98>1√100=110198>1100=110
1√99>1√100=110199>1100=110
Cộng theo vế ta có:
1√1+1√2+...+1√99>110+110+...+110=991011+12+...+199>110+110+...+110=9910
Lại có 1√100=1101100=110 suy ra: