a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}-1=\dfrac{d}{c}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{a}=\dfrac{d-c}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)(đpcm)

a, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a-b}=\dfrac{c+d}{c-d}\)

b, Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{2a}{2c}=\dfrac{5b}{5d}=\dfrac{3a}{4c}=\dfrac{4b}{4d}=\dfrac{2a+5b}{2c+5d}=\dfrac{3a-4b}{3c-4d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\dfrac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

c, Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot b}{dk\cdot d}=\dfrac{b^2k}{d^2k}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(bk-b\right)^2}{\left(dk-d\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2\left(k-1\right)^2}{d^2\left(k-1\right)^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Do đó \(\dfrac{ab}{cd}=\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(c-d\right)^2}\)

d, Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk;c=dk\)

Ta có \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{bk\cdot dk}{bd}=k^2\)

\(\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{b^2k^2+d^2k^2}{b^2+d^2}=\dfrac{k^2\left(b^2+d^2\right)}{b^2+d^2}=k^2\)

Do đó \(\dfrac{ac}{bd}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)

Bài 1:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Khi đó: \(\left\{\begin{matrix} \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2bk+5b}{3bk-4b}=\frac{b(2k+5)}{b(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\\ \frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}=\frac{2dk+5d}{3dk-4d}=\frac{d(2k+5)}{d(3k-4)}=\frac{2k+5}{3k-4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{2a+5b}{3a-4b}=\frac{2c+5d}{3c-4d}\)

Ta có đpcm.

Bài 2:

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Khi đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{bk.b}{dk.d}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}=\frac{(bk)^2+b^2}{(dk)^2+d^2}=\frac{b^2(k^2+1)}{d^2(k^2+1)}=\frac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Do đó: \(\frac{ab}{cd}=\frac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}(=\frac{b^2}{d^2})\) . Ta có đpcm.

Bài 3:

a) Sửa điều kiện: \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\neq -1\)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dk\)

Theo đkđb thì \(k\neq -1\) nên \(k^3+1\neq 0\); \(k+1\neq 0\)

Ta có: \(\frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{(bk)^3+b^3}{(dk)^3+d^3}=\frac{b^3(k^3+1)}{d^3(k^3+1)}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\)

\(\frac{(a+b)^3}{(c+d)^3}=\frac{(bk+b)^3}{(dk+d)^3}=\frac{b^3(k+1)^3}{d^3(k+1)^3}=\frac{b^3}{d^3}\)

\(\Rightarrow \frac{a^3+b^3}{c^3+d^3}=\frac{(a+b)^3}{(c+d)^3}\) (đpcm)

b)

Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=k; \frac{c}{d}=t\Rightarrow a=bk; c=dt\)

Ta cần cm \(k=t\)

Khi đó:

\(\frac{2a+13b}{3a-7b}=\frac{2bk+13b}{3bk-7b}=\frac{b(2k+13)}{b(3k-7)}=\frac{2k+13}{3k-7}\)

\(\frac{2c+13d}{3c-7d}=\frac{2dt+13d}{3dt-7d}=\frac{d(2t+13)}{d(3t-7)}=\frac{2t+13}{3t-7}\)

Vì \(\frac{2a+13b}{3a-7b}=\frac{2c+13d}{3c-7d}\Rightarrow \frac{2k+13}{3k-7}=\frac{2t+13}{3t-7}\)

\(\Rightarrow (2k+13)(3t-7)=(2t+13)(3k-7)\)

\(-14k+39t=-14t+39k\Rightarrow k=t\)

Ta có đpcm.

3.

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{b}{3}=\dfrac{c}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{2b}{6}=\dfrac{3c}{12}\) và \(a+2b-3c=-20\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{2}=\dfrac{2b}{6}=\dfrac{3c}{12}=\dfrac{a+2b-3c}{2+6-12}=\dfrac{-20}{-4}=5\)

+) \(\dfrac{a}{2}=5\Rightarrow a=5.2=10\)

+) \(\dfrac{2b}{6}=5\Rightarrow2b=5.6=30\Rightarrow b=30:2=15\)

+) \(\dfrac{3c}{12}=5\Rightarrow3c=5.12=60\Rightarrow c=60:3=20\)

Vậy ...

3.

ta có:\(\dfrac{a}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{b}{3}\)=\(\dfrac{c}{4}\)=>\(\dfrac{a}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{2b}{6}\)=\(\dfrac{3c}{12}\) và a+2b-3c=-20

áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{2}\)=\(\dfrac{2b}{6}\)=\(\dfrac{3c}{12}\)=\(\dfrac{a+2b-3c}{2+6-12}\)\(\dfrac{-20}{-4}\)=5

vì\(\dfrac{a}{2}\)=5=>a=2.5=10

\(\dfrac{2b}{6}\)=5=>2b=5.6=30=>b=30:2=15

\(\dfrac{3c}{12}\)=5=>3c=5.12=60=>c=60:3=20

vậy a=10,b=15,c=20

chúc bạn hok tốt

a: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

d: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)