Giải hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1+\left(x+z\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{y^2}-\sqrt{y-1}\\y=\dfrac{x^2+y^2}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
giải hệ phương trình
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y-3}=3\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ phương trình:
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2+\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=5\\\left(xy-1\right)^2=x^2-y^2+2\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z>0\\\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{9}{y}+\dfrac{16}{z}=9\\x+y+z\le4\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y+z=3\\x^4+y^4+z^4=3xyz\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Áp dụng bđt Svac-xơ:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{9}{y}+\dfrac{16}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+3+4\right)^2}{x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{64}{4}=16>9\)
=> hpt vô nghiệm
c) Ở đây x,y,z là các số thực dương
Áp dụng cosi: \(x^4+y^4+z^4\ge x^2y^2+y^2z^2+z^2x^2\ge xyz\left(x+y+z\right)=3xyz\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{3}{3}=1\)
Giải hệ phương trình:
a)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=2\\\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{1}{z^2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=2\sqrt{x-1}\\\sqrt{x+y}=x^2-y\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-\dfrac{x}{y}=9.6\\xy-\dfrac{y}{x}=7.5\end{matrix}\right.\)
d)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=2\\\dfrac{2}{xy}-\dfrac{1}{z^2}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải các hệ phương trình sau bằng phương pháp cộng đại số:
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-2y=\dfrac{3}{4}\\2x+\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x-3y}{4}-\dfrac{x+y-1}{5}=2x-y-1\\\dfrac{x+y-1}{3}+\dfrac{4x-y-2}{4}=\dfrac{2x-y-3}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2}x-y=3\\\sqrt{2}x+2y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-3y=1\\x+\sqrt{2}y=\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}\cdot\dfrac{-1}{3}=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4\sqrt{2}}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{2}-2y=\dfrac{3}{4}\\2x+\dfrac{y}{3}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-8y=3\\2x+\dfrac{1}{3}y=-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-\dfrac{25}{3}y=\dfrac{10}{3}\\2x-8y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\\2x=3+8y=3+8\cdot\dfrac{-2}{5}=-\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{10}\\y=-\dfrac{2}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x-3y}{4}-\dfrac{x+y-1}{5}=2x-y-1\\\dfrac{x+y-1}{3}+\dfrac{4x-y-2}{4}=\dfrac{2x-y-3}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5\left(2x-3y\right)}{20}-\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{20}=\dfrac{20\left(2x-y-1\right)}{20}\\\dfrac{4\left(x+y-1\right)}{12}+\dfrac{3\left(4x-y-2\right)}{12}=\dfrac{2\left(2x-y-3\right)}{12}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y-4x-4y+4=40x-20y-20\\4x+4y-4+12x-3y-6=4x-2y-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-19y+4-40x+20y+20=0\\16x+y-10-4x+2y+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-34x+y=-24\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-102x+3y=-72\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-114x=-76\\12x+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\12\cdot\dfrac{2}{3}+3y=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\3y=4-8=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ phương trình sau:
a. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+2}{y}=\dfrac{x+1}{y-2}\\\dfrac{5x+1}{5x-2}=\dfrac{y-2}{y+2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x+\left|y\right|=4\\4x-3y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a: =>xy-2x+2y-4=xy+y và 5xy+10x+y+2=5xy-10x-2y+4
=>-2x+y=4 và 20x+3y=2
=>x=-5/13; y=42/13
b: =>4x+2|y|=8 và 4x-3y=1
=>2|y|-3y=7 và 4x-3y=1
TH1: y>=0
=>2y-3y=7 và 4x-3y=1
=>-y=7 và 4x-3y=1
=>y=-7(loại)
TH2: y<0
=>-2y-3y=7 và 4x-3y=1
=>y=-7/5; 4x=1+3y=1-21/5=-16/5
=>x=-4/5; y=-7/5
Dùng bđt cosi để giải hệ phương trình :\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z\ge0\\x^3=y^2+z+2\\\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
$x,y,z>0$ thì $\frac{1}{x}, \frac{1}{y}, \frac{1}{z}$ mới xác định.
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$(x+y+z)(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z})\geq 3\sqrt[3]{xyz}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{xyz}}=9$
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $x=y=z$. Thay vào pt $(2)$:
$x^3=x^2+x+2$
$\Leftrightarrow x^3-x^2-x-2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2(x-2)+x(x-2)+(x-2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+x+1)(x-2)=0$
Dễ thấy $x^2+x+1>0$ với mọi $x>0$ nên $x-2=0$
$\Rightarrow x=2$
Vậy hpt có nghiệm $(x,y,z)=(2,2,2)$
Giải hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+\sqrt{x}=y+\sqrt{y}\\\left|x-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=1+x^2-y^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+\sqrt{x}=y+\sqrt{y}\left(1\right)\\\left|x-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=1+x^2-y^2\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge0\\y\ge0\\xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}-y=\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y\left(x-y\right)+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}{\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+y}=\dfrac{x-y}{-xy}\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[\dfrac{y+\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2+1}}{\sqrt{xy+\dfrac{x-y}{x^2+y^2+1}}+y}+xy\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\).
Thay x = y vào (2) ta có \(\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=1\). (*)
Ta có \(\left|y-1\right|+\left|y-2\right|=\left|y-1\right|+\left|2-y\right|\ge y-1+2-y=1\).
Mà đẳng thức xảy ra ở (1) nên ta phải có \(1\le y\le2\). (TMĐK)
Vậy pt đã cho có vô số nghiệm \(x=y=k\) với \(1\le k\le2\)
Giải hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x+2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{x+y+1}\right)=3\\\sqrt{4y+2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{x+y+1}\right)=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}-\sqrt{y-1}=4\\\dfrac{2}{x}-\sqrt{y-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt 1/x=a; căn(y-1)=b
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=-2\\b=a+4=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Đặt: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{x}\\b=\sqrt{y-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(=>\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-b=4\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-2b=8\\2a-b=2\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-b=6\\a-b=4\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-6\\a+6=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-6\\a=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) Thay: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x}=-2\\\sqrt{y-1}=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{2}\\y=37\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ bằng phương pháp phân tích nhân tử
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}=1\\\sqrt{x^2-1}+\sqrt{y^2-1}=\sqrt{xy+2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)=13\\\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-y^2\right)=25\end{matrix}\right.\)