Bài 1:

Ta có: \(M=4x^2-3x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+2011=4x^2-4x+1+x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+2010\)

\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

\(=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô- si cho 2 số không âm, ta có:

\(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\ge2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{4x}}=2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}}=1\)

Suy ra: \(M=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\ge0+1+2010=2011\)

Vậy: \(Min_M=2011\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Bài 2: Tham khảo: với hai số thực không âm a, b thỏa a2 + b2 = 4, tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức M= ab /(a+b+2) | Câu hỏi ôn tập thi vào lớp 10

\(M=4x^2-3x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+2011\)

\(M=4x^2-4x+1+x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+2011\)

\(M=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

Vì \(\left(2x-1\right)^2\ge0\) và \(x>0\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4x}>0\)

Lợi dụng BĐT Cauchy cho 2 số nguyên dương ta có:

\(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\ge2\sqrt{x\dfrac{1}{4x}}=2.\dfrac{1}{2}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow M=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\ge0+1+2010=2011\)

\(\Rightarrow M\ge2011\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi:

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=0\\x=\dfrac{1}{4x}\\x>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x^2=\dfrac{1}{4}\\x>0\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\x>0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy \(M_{min}=2011\) đạt được khi \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(M=4x^2-3x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+2017\)

\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2016\ge2017\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:

\(M=4x^2-3x+\dfrac{1}{4x}+2011\)

\(=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

= \(\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

\(\ge0+2\sqrt{x.\dfrac{1}{4x}}+2010\) = \(1+2010=2011\)

=> Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(2x=1\) => \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy ........................................

\(A=\left(2x-1\right)^2+9\ge9\\ A_{min}=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\ B=2\left(x^2-2\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}x+\dfrac{9}{16}\right)+\dfrac{1}{8}=2\left(x-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{8}\ge\dfrac{1}{8}\\ B_{min}=\dfrac{1}{8}\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{4}\\ C=\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+2\left(2x+y\right)+1+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)-4\\ C=\left[\left(2x+y\right)^2+2\left(2x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\\ C=\left(2x+y+1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2-4\ge-4\\ C_{min}=-4\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-1-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{3}{2}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(D=\left(3x-1-2x\right)^2=\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\\ D_{min}=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\\ G=\left(9x^2+6xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+1\\ G=\left(3x+y\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+1\ge1\\ G_{min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x=-y\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2}{3}\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(H=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2+2x+1\right)+\left(2y^2+4y+2\right)+2\\ H=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+2\left(y+1\right)^2+2\ge2\\ H_{min}=2\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=y\\x=-1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=-1\)

Ta luôn có \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2xz\ge3xy+3yz+3xz\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3^2}{3}\ge xy+yz+xz\\ \Leftrightarrow K\le3\\ K_{max}=3\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)

a.

$x^4-25x^3=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^3(x-25)=0$

\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x^3=0\\ x-25=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=0\\ x=25\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

$(x-5)^2-(3x-2)^2=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-5-3x+2)(x-5+3x-2)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (-2x-3)(4x-7)=0$
\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} -2x-3=0\\ 4x-7=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=\frac{-3}{2}\\ x=\frac{7}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

$x^3-4x^2-9x+36=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2(x-4)-9(x-4)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-4)(x^2-9)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-4)(x-3)(x+3)=0$

\(\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x-4=0\\ x-3=0\\ x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=4\\ x=3\\ x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

d. ĐK: $x\neq 0$

$(-x^3+3x^2-4x):(\frac{-1}{2}x)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x(-x^2+3x-4):(\frac{-1}{2}x)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow -2(-x^2+3x-4)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+4=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (x-1,5)^2=-1,75< 0$ (vô lý)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm.

\(M=\)như trên

\(=>M=4x^2-4x+1+x+\frac{1}{4x}+2010\)

\(=>M=\left(4x^2-4x+1\right)+\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

\(=>M=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô- si cho 2 số không âm, ta có: 

\(x+\frac{1}{4x}\ge2\sqrt{x.\frac{1}{4x}}=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}=1\)

\(=>M=\left(2x-1\right)^2+\left(x+\frac{1}{4x}\right)+2010\ge0+1+2010=2011\\ \)

=>minM=2011 khi x=\(\frac{1}{2}\)

M=(4x²-4x+1)+(x+\(\dfrac{1}{4x}\))+2013

=(2x-1)²+(x+\(\dfrac{1}{4x}\))+2013

x>0 nên áp dụng BĐT côsi cho 2 số không âm:

\(x+\dfrac{1}{4x}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{4x}}=1\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi 4x²=1<=>x=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

(2x-1)²\(\ge\)0 với mọi x

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

=>M\(\ge\)0+1+2013=2014

=>M_min=2014 khi và chỉ khi x=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Vậy...