\(\dfrac{1}{a+b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\)
Cho a,b,c>0 thỏa abc=1. Chứng minh :
\(\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{b}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đành giải tạm bằng nick này vì sợ một vài thành phần trẻ trâu anti phá phách :poor:
Phân tích và giải
Dễ thấy: Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\Rightarrow L=Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\text{ và }F=-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Khi đó \(VT=L-F=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Ta sẽ chia làm 2 bước cm:
B1: \(Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\). Ta xét BĐT :
\(\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)}{8\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)}\) (cần tìm \(k\) thỏa mãn)
\(\Leftrightarrow8a\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)-3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(a\right)=-3a^{2k}+2a^{k+1}-3a^{k+2}+2a^{2k+1}-3a^{2k+2}-3a^k+8a\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(a\right)=2k\cdot-3a^{2k-1}+\left(k+1\right)2a^k-\left(k+2\right)3a^{k+1}+\left(2k+1\right)2a^{2k}-\left(2k+2\right)3a^{2k+1}-k\cdot3a^{k-1}+8a\)
\(\Rightarrow f'\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow-12k=0\Rightarrow k=0\)
Hay BĐT phụ cần tìm là \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0\right)}{8\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) (bài này \(k\) đẹp ra luôn \(\farac{1}{4}\) cộng vào là ok =))
\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{4\left(a+1\right)^2}\le0\) *Đúng* \(\RightarrowΣ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\leΣ\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)
B2: CM \(-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\le-\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Tự cm nhé Goodluck :v
Một lời giải sơ cấp:
Đổi \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\).BDT cần chứng minh tương đương:
\(\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{3}{4}-\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]+\left[\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right]\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left[\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]-\dfrac{\sum\left(x^2+y^2\right)z-6xyz}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{\sum z\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\right]\ge0\)
hay \(S_a\left(y-z\right)^2+S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(*)
với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S_a=\dfrac{1}{4\left(y+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{x}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{4\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\\S_b=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{y}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}{4\left(x+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\\S_c=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Dễ thấy \(S_a;S_b;S_c\) không phải là luôn không âm.Giả sử \(x=max\left\{x;y;z\right\}\).
Từ đó suy ra \(S_a\ge0\).Xét \(S_b+S_c=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+z\right)^2}\ge0,\forall x;y;z>0\)
Do đó \(VT=S_a\left(x-y\right)^2+\left[S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\ge0\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh \(S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với \(S_b+S_c\ge0\)
và điều này đúng hay không e không biết, quan trọng là .. Chúc Mừng Năm Mới !!
tim x \(\in\) z biet
a . \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\le x\le\dfrac{1}{24}\cdot\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
b. \(-4\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\le x\le\dfrac{-2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
a. \(\dfrac{1}{2}-\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\le x\le\dfrac{1}{24}.\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{13}{12}\le x\le\dfrac{1}{24}.0\) ( lười viết nên điền kết quả luôn )
\(\dfrac{-7}{12}\le x\le0\)
\(0,5833...\le x\le0\)
Vì \(x\in Z\)\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0\right\}\)
Vậy...
b. \(-4\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\le x\le\dfrac{-2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{-26}{9}\le x\le\dfrac{1}{36}\)
\(-2,8888...\le x\le0,277...\)
Vì \(x\in Z\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-1;0\right\}\)
Vậy ...
từ giả thiết, ta có \(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{zx}=1\)
đặt \(\left(\dfrac{1}{xy};\dfrac{1}{yz};\dfrac{1}{zx}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow a+b+c=1\) =>\(\left(\dfrac{ac}{b};\dfrac{ab}{c};\dfrac{bc}{a}\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2};\dfrac{1}{y^2};\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\)
ta có VT=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{x^2}}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{y^2}}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1+\dfrac{1}{z^1}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{ac}{b}}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{ab}{c}}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1+\dfrac{bc}{a}}}\)
=\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{b+ac}{b}}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{a+bc}{a}}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{\dfrac{c+ab}{c}}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{\left(b+c\right)\left(b+a\right)}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{\left(c+a\right)\left(c+b\right)}}\)
\(\le\sqrt{3}\sqrt{\dfrac{ac+ab+bc+ba+ca+cb}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}=\sqrt{3}.\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\)
ta cần chứng minh \(\sqrt{\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\le\dfrac{9}{4}\Leftrightarrow8\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\)
<=>\(8\left(a+b+c\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le9\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)\) (luôn đúng )
^_^
1) Tìm a, b > 0
Sao cho \(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a-b}\)
2) Tính nhanh:
\(-4\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\le x\le\dfrac{-2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{a-b}\)
=>\(\dfrac{b-a}{ab}=\dfrac{1}{a-b}\)
=>\(-\left(a-b\right)^2=ab\)
Vì a;b>0 nên ab>0
=>\(\left(a-b\right)^2=-ab\)
Mà -ab<0 ;\(\left(a-b\right)^2\)lớn hơn bằng 0 nên
Ko tìm đc gtri nào của a;b thỏa mãn đề bài
Với mọi a,b,c . CMR
\(-\dfrac{1}{2}\le\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(1-ab\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
BĐT cần CM tương đương với:
\(\left[\frac{(a+b)(1-ab)}{(a^2+1)(b^2+1)}\right]^2\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
Đặt $a+b=x; ab=y$ thì BĐT \(\Leftrightarrow \left(\frac{x(1-y)}{y^2+x^2-2y+1}\right)^2=\left(\frac{x(y-1)}{x^2+(y-1)^2}\right)^2\leq \frac{1}{4}\)
Điều này luôn đúng vì theo BĐT AM-GM:
\([x^2+(y-1)^2]^2=x^4+(y-1)^4+2x^2(y-1)^2\geq 2x^2(y-1)^2+2x^2(y-1)^2=[2x(y-1)]^2\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{[x(y-1)]^2}{[x^2+(y-1)^2]^2}\leq \frac{[x(y-1)]^2}{[2x(y-1)]^2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
cho các mệnh đề sau :
(I).a+\(\dfrac{9}{a}\)\(\ge6\) (a>0)
(II).\(\dfrac{a^2+5}{\sqrt{a^2+4}}\ge2\)
(III).\(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(ab\ge0\right)\)
(IV).\(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge4\left(a,b>0\right)\)
Số mệnh đề đúng trong các mệnh đề trên là
I. Đúng do BĐT Cosi \(a+\dfrac{9}{a}\ge2.\sqrt{a.\dfrac{9}{a}}=6\)
II. Sai do \(\dfrac{a^2+5}{\sqrt{a^2+4}}=\sqrt{a^2+4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+4}}\ge2+\dfrac{1}{a^2+4}>2\)
III. Đúng do BĐT Cosi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
IV. Đúng do BĐT BSC \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2=4\)
Cho \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\). Tìm max
\(A=\left(a+b+c+3\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{b+1}+\dfrac{1}{c+1}\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo:
Bài ni hay lắm mn Cho 3 số a , b , c thỏa mãn \(0\le a\le b\le c\le1\) Tìm giá trị lớn nhất của biểu thức \(B=\lef... - Hoc24
Tìm số nguyên x biết: a) \(-4\dfrac{3}{5}.2\dfrac{4}{23}\le x\le-2\dfrac{3}{5}:1\dfrac{6}{15}\)
b)\(-4\dfrac{1}{3}.\left(\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{6}\right)\le x\le-\dfrac{2}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\)
a: \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{23}{5}\cdot\dfrac{50}{23}< =x< =\dfrac{-13}{5}:\dfrac{21}{15}\)
=>-10<=x<=-13/7
hay \(x\in\left\{-10;-9;...;-2\right\}\)
b: \(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{13}{3}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}< =x< =-\dfrac{2}{3}\cdot\dfrac{-11}{12}\)
=>-13/9<=x<=11/18
hay \(x\in\left\{-1;0\right\}\)
Cho các số dương a, b, c thỏa mãn: a+b+c=1. CMR: \(4.\left(\dfrac{1}{a+b}+\dfrac{1}{b+c}+\dfrac{1}{c+a}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+9\)