ABCD là hbh \(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{BC}\)

Ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{BD}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}-\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BD}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}+\overrightarrow{BC}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BD}\)

\(\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{AD}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{BD}\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{a}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{b}\)

Gọi O là giao điểm của AC và BD.

\(\Rightarrow\vec{AD}=\vec{AO}+\vec{OD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\vec{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\vec{BD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\vec{a}+\dfrac{1}{2}\vec{b}\)

a) Ta có: \(\left\{ \begin{array}{l}AD//BC\\AD = BC\end{array} \right.\) (do tứ giác ABCD là hình bình hành)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {BC} \)

b) Ta có: \(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {BC}  = \overrightarrow {AC} \)

a) \(\overrightarrow {BD}  = \overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB} ;\;\overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} .\)

b) \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = 4.6.\cos \widehat {BAD} = 24.\cos {60^o} = 12.\)

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = \overrightarrow {AB} (\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} ) = {\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} + \overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = {4^2} + 12 = 28.\\\overrightarrow {BD} .\overrightarrow {AC}  = (\overrightarrow {AD}  - \overrightarrow {AB} )(\overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {AD} ) = {\overrightarrow {AD} ^2} - {\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} = {6^2} - {4^2} = 20.\end{array}\)

c) Áp dụng định lí cosin cho tam giác ABD ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\quad \;B{D^2} = A{B^2} + A{D^2} - 2.AB.AD.\cos A\\ \Leftrightarrow B{D^2} = {4^2} + {6^2} - 2.4.6.\cos {60^o} = 28\\ \Leftrightarrow BD = 2\sqrt 7 .\end{array}\)

Áp dụng định lí cosin cho tam giác ABC ta có:

\(\begin{array}{l}\quad \;A{C^2} = A{B^2} + B{C^2} - 2.AB.BC.\cos B\\ \Leftrightarrow A{C^2} = {4^2} + {6^2} - 2.4.6.\cos {120^o} = 76\\ \Leftrightarrow AC = 2\sqrt {19} .\end{array}\)

Lời giải:
a. 

$\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}$ (tính chất hình bình hành)

b.

$\overrightarrow{AM}=\frac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\frac{2}{3}(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD})$

c. 

$\overrightarrow{AN}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\overrightarrow{AC}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BA}$

$=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}$

$=\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}$

\(\overrightarrow{NC}=2\overrightarrow{ND}=2\overrightarrow{NC}+2\overrightarrow{CD}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{NC}=2\overrightarrow{DC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{CN}=2\overrightarrow{CD}\)

a.

\(\overrightarrow{DM}=\overrightarrow{DC}+\overrightarrow{CM}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{CB}=\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

\(\overrightarrow{MN}=\overrightarrow{MC}+\overrightarrow{CN}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BC}+2\overrightarrow{CD}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

b.

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AC}=\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\\\overrightarrow{BD}=\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{AD}=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AB}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\\\overrightarrow{AD}=\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{MN}=-2\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}-\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AC}+\dfrac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=-\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{5}{4}\overrightarrow{BD}\)

bài 1

a CO-OB=BA

<=.> CO = BA +OB

<=> CO=OA ( LUÔN ĐÚNG )=>ĐPCM

b AB-BC=DB

<=> AB=DB+BC

<=> AB=DC(LUÔN ĐÚNG )=> ĐPCM

Cc DA-DB=OD-OC

<=> DA+BD= OD+CO

<=> BA= CD (LUÔN ĐÚNG )=> ĐPCM

d DA-DB+DC=0

VT= DA +BD+DC

= BA+DC

Mà BA=CD(CMT)

=> VT= CD+DC=O

BÀI 2

AC=AB+BC

BD=BA+AD

=> AC+BD= AB+BC+BA+AD=BC+AD (đpcm)

Lời giải:
** Điểm G không có vai trò gì trong bài toán 

\(\overrightarrow{BI}=\overrightarrow{BD}+\overrightarrow{DI}=(\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BC})+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{DC}\)

\(=-\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}+\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}=\overrightarrow{AD}-\frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow{AB}\)