b: \(2x^2-7xy+3y^2+x-3y\)

\(=2x^2-6xy-xy+3y^2+x-3y\)

\(=2x\left(x-3y\right)-y\left(x-3y\right)+\left(x-3y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)\)

Lời giải:
a.

Đặt $2a^2+5ab-3b^2-7b-2=(a+mb+n)(2a+pb+k)$ với $m,n,p,k$ nguyên 

$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+5ab-3b^2-7b-2=2a^2+ab(2m+p)+mpb^2+a(k+2n)+b(km+np)+kn$ 

Đồng nhất hệ số:

\(\left\{\begin{matrix} 2m+p=5\\ mp=-3\\ k+2n=0\\ km+np=-7\\ kn=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

Giải hpt này ta thu được $m=3; n=1; p=-1; k=-2$

Vậy $2a^2+5ab-3b^2-7b-2=(a+3b+1)(2a-b-2)$

b. Đa thức không phân tích được thành nhân tử

lm theo pp đồng nhất hệ số ạ

b: Ta có: \(2x^2-7xy+3y^2+x-3y\)

\(=2x^2-6xy-xy+3y^2+x-3y\)

\(=2x\left(x-3y\right)-y\left(x-3y\right)+\left(x-3y\right)\)

\(=\left(x-3y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)\)

\(9\left(x-3y\right)^2-25\left(2x+y\right)^2\)

\(=\left[3\left(x-3y\right)\right]^2-\left[5\left(2x+y\right)\right]^2\)

\(=\left(3x-9y\right)^2-\left(10x+5y\right)^2\)

\(=\left[3x-9y+10x+5y\right]\left[3x-9y-\left(10x+5y\right)\right]\)

\(=\left(13x-4y\right)\left(-7x-14y\right)\)

\(=-7\left(x+2y\right)\left(13x-4y\right)\)

9(x - 3y)² - 25(2x + y)²

= 3².(x - 3y)² - 5².(2x + y)²

= (3x - 9y)² - (10x + 5y)²

= (3x - 9y - 10x - 5y)(3x - 9y + 10x + 5y)

= (-7x - 14y)(13x - 4y)

= -7(x + 2y)(13x - 4y)

\(x^3+y^3+3y^2+3y+1\\ =x^3+\left(y+1\right)^3\\ =\left(x+y+1\right)\left[x^2-x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2\right]\\ =\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x^2-xy-x+y^2+2y+1\right)\\ =\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+2y+1-xy-x\right)\)

=(x^3+3y+3y^2+y^3)+1

=(x+y)^3+1

=(x+y+1).[(x+y)^2+(x+y)+1]      

a, \(x^2\) + 4\(x\) - y² + 4

= (\(x^2\) + 4\(x\) + 4) - y²

= (\(x\) + 2)² - y²

= (\(x\) + 2 - y)(\(x\) + 2 + y)

b, 2\(x^2\) - 18

= 2.(\(x^2\) -9)

= 2.(\(x\) -3).(\(x\) + 3)

c, \(x^3\) - \(x^2\) - \(x\) + 1

= (\(x^3\) + 1) - (\(x^2\) +  \(x\))

= (\(x\) + 1)(\(x\)² - \(x\) + 1) - \(x\).(\(x\) + 1)

=(\(x\) + 1).(\(x^2\) - \(x\) + 1  - \(x\))

= (\(x\) + 1).(\(x\) - 1)²

Bài 2:

1)  \(x^2-4x+4=\left(x-2\right)^2\)

2) \(x^2-9=x^2-3^2=\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)

3) \(1-8x^3=\left(1-2x\right)\left(1+2x+4x^2\right)\)

4) \(\left(x-y\right)^2-9x^2=\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(3x\right)^2=\left(x-y-3x\right)\left(x-y+3x\right)=\left(-2x-y\right)\left(4x-y\right)\)

5) \(\dfrac{1}{25}x^2-64y^2=\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x-8y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{5}x+8y\right)\)

6) \(8x^3-\dfrac{1}{8}=\left(2x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\left(4x^2+x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

Bài 2:

7) \(x^3+\dfrac{1}{27}=\left(x+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{3}x+\dfrac{1}{9}\right)\)

8) \(x^3+64=\left(x+4\right)\left(x^2+4x+16\right)\)

9) \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(2a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b+2a-b\right)\left(a+b-2a+b\right)=3a\left(-a+2b\right)\)

10) \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2=\left(a+b+a-b\right)\left(a+b-a+b\right)=2a\cdot2b=4ab\)

11) \(\left(a+b\right)^3+\left(a-b\right)^3=\left(a+b+a-b\right)\left[\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2\right]\)

\(=2a\left(a^2+2ab+b^2+a^2-b^2+a^2-2ab+b^2\right)\)

\(=2a\left(3a^2+b^2\right)\)

12) \(\left(6x-1\right)^2-\left(3x+2\right)^2=\left(6x-1+3x+2\right)\left(6x-1-3x-2\right)=\left(9x+1\right)\left(3x-3\right)\)

1:

1: ,4x^2-6x=2x(2x-3)

2: 9x^3y^2+3x^2y^2=3x^2y^2(3x+1)

3: x^3+2x^2+3x=x(x^2+2x+3)

4: 2x^2-4x=2x(x-2)

5: 3x-6y=3(x-2y)

6: x^2-3x=x(x-3)

7: 6x^2y+4xy^2+2xy

=2xy(3x+2y+1)

8: 5x^2(x-2y)-15x(x-2y)

=(x-2y)(5x^2-15x)

=5x(x-3)(x-2y)

9: =3(x-y)+5y(x-y)

=(x-y)(5y+3)

10: =(x-1)(3x+5)

11: =2(2x-1)-3(2x-1)

=-(2x-1)

a) \(xy+y^2-x-y=y\left(x+y\right)-\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(y-1\right)\)

b) \(25-x^2+4xy-4y^2=25-\left(x-2y\right)^2=\left(5-x+2y\right)\left(5+x-2y\right)\)

c) \(x^2-4x+3=x^2-x-3x+3=x\left(x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-3\right)\)

d) \(y^2\left(x-1\right)-7y^3+7xy^3\)

\(=y^2\left(x-1-7y+7xy\right)\)

\(=y^2\left[\left(x-1\right)-7y\left(1-x\right)\right]=y^2\left(x-1\right)\left(1+7y\right)\)

a)

 \(xy+y^2-x-y\\ =\left(xy-x\right)+\left(y^2-y\right)\\ =x\left(y-1\right)+y\left(y-1\right)\\ =\left(y-1\right)\left(x+y\right)\)

b)

 \(25-x^2+4xy-4y^2\\ =25-\left(x^2-4xy-4y^2\right)\\ =5^5-\left(x-y\right)^2\\ =\left(5+x-y\right)\left(5-x+y\right)\)

\(27x^3-a^3b^3\)

\(=\left(3x\right)^3-\left(ab\right)^3\)

\(=\left(3x-ab\right)\left[\left(3x\right)^2+3x\cdot ab+\left(ab\right)^2\right]\)

\(=\left(3x-ab\right)\left(9x^2+3xab+a^2b^2\right)\)

27x³ - a³b³

= (3x)³ - (ab)³

= (3x - ab)(9x² + 3xab + a²b²)