Cho \(A=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{1+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2+3}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{99+100}\). CMR \(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Bài 40: Chứng minh rằng:
a) \(A=\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}=9\)
b) \(B=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
Cho \(x=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2+\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}}{3+4}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{99+100}\). Chứng minh \(x< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
a rút gọn biểu thức: T=\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
b tìm số tự nhiên n thỏa mãn
\(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
Với n\(\in N\)* có: \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}\)\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\left(n+1-n\right)}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}\)\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (*)
a) Áp dụng (*) vào T
\(\Rightarrow T=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
b) Có \(VT=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n+1}=5\Leftrightarrow n=24\) (tm)
Vậy n=24.
Cho x=\(\dfrac{\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}}{1+2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{2+3}+...+\dfrac{\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99}}{99+100}\)
chung minh x<\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+(n+1)}< \frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}})\) theo BĐT Cô-si.
Do đó:
\(x< \frac{1}{2}\left[\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+....+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\right]=\frac{1}{2}(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}})< \frac{1}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm.
So sánh A với 1
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
Ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+.....+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{4}}+........+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}\) \(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}}< 1\)
Vậy \(A< 1\)
Rút gọn
A = \(\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{1}+1\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
Em thử thôi chứ ko chắc đâu:((
Xét dạng tổng quát \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)^2-n^2\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n}-\frac{\sqrt{n+1}}{n+1}\)
Suy ra \(A=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{2}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}+...+\frac{\sqrt{99}}{99}-\frac{\sqrt{100}}{100}\)
\(=1-\frac{\sqrt{100}}{100}=\frac{100-\sqrt{100}}{100}\)
Tính tổng sau: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
Ta có: \(S=\dfrac{1}{2+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{4}}+...+\dfrac{1}{100\sqrt{99}+99\sqrt{100}}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}}-\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(=1-\dfrac{1}{10}=\dfrac{9}{10}\)
S=\(\dfrac{1}{1\sqrt{2}+2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}+3\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{3\sqrt{4}+4\sqrt{3}}+....+\dfrac{1}{99\sqrt{100}+100\sqrt{99}}\)
a)\(\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}-1}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3}-2}+\dfrac{15}{3-\sqrt{3}}\right)\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+5}\)
b)\(\dfrac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}}\)
a) Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{3}-1}+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{3}-2}+\dfrac{15}{3-\sqrt{3}}\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{5+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)}{2}-\dfrac{3\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}{\left(2-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(2+\sqrt{3}\right)}+\dfrac{15\left(3+\sqrt{3}\right)}{6}\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{5+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{3}+1-6-3\sqrt{3}+\dfrac{15}{2}+\dfrac{5}{2}\sqrt{3}\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{5+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{2}+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\right)\cdot\dfrac{1}{5+\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
b) Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}}+...+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{100}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(=-1+\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}-...-\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{100}\)
=-1+10=9