Cách 1:

Ta xét tích a(c-d) và c(a-b)

Ta có: a(c-d)=ac-ad (1)

           c(a-b)=ac-bc(2)

Ta lại có \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=>ad=bc (3)

Từ (1), (2), (3) ta có a(c-d)=c(a-d). Do đó \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Cách 2:

 Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)=k thì a=bk, c=dk. 

Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{bk}{bk-b}=\dfrac{bk}{b\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(1\right)\)

Xét \(\dfrac{c}{c-d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk-d}=\dfrac{dk}{d\left(k-1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k-1}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2)=> \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Cách 3: Ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Aps dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=>\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}=>\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}=\dfrac{d}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b}{a}-1=\dfrac{d}{c}-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b-a}{a}=\dfrac{d-c}{c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{a-b}=\dfrac{c}{c-d}\)(đpcm)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-4bc=0\)

hay c=0

a+b-c/a+b-c + 2c/a+b-c = a-b-c/a-b-c + 2c/a-b-c

suy ra 2c/a+b-c = 2c/a-b-c

Dấu = xảy ra khi c=0

\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b-c\right)=\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2=a^2-\left(b-c\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c\right)^2-\left(b-c\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(b+c-b+c\right)\left(b+c+b-c\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4bc=0\)

Do b\(\ne\) 0\(\Rightarrow c=0\)

Vậy c=0 thì thỏa tỉ lệ thức (đcpcm)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}=\dfrac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b-c-a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b}{2b}=1\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=a+b-c\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-a-b+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow c=0\) (đpcm)

a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{bk+b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k+1\right)}{b}=k+1\) và \(\dfrac{c+d}{d}=\dfrac{dk+d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k+1\right)}{d}=k+1\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{b}=\dfrac{c+d}{d}\)

b) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=bk\\c=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{b\left(k-1\right)}{b}=k-1\\\dfrac{c-d}{d}=\dfrac{d\left(k-1\right)}{d}=k-1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{b}=\dfrac{c-d}{d}\)

c) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}=\dfrac{c+d}{c}\)

d) \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{a-b}{c-d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a-b}{a}=\dfrac{c-d}{c}\)

e: Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

nên \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

hay \(\dfrac{a}{a+b}=\dfrac{c}{c+d}\)

Ta Có : nếu \(a+b\ne c+d\ne0\)

\(\dfrac{a+b}{b+c}=\dfrac{c+d}{d+a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\)

khi đó a +b = b+c suy ra a=c

nếu a+b=c+d=0 suy ra a+b+c+d=0

suy ra đpcm

C. \(\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{c}{a}\)

Chúc bạn học tốt!!

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a+b+b}{a+b-c}=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}=\dfrac{a+b+c-\left(a-b+c\right)}{a+b-c-\left(a-b-c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b-c-a+b+c}=\dfrac{2b}{2b}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b+c=a+b-c\)

\(\Rightarrow c=-c\)

\(\Rightarrow c-\left(-c\right)=0\)

\(\Rightarrow c+c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow c=0\)

\(\Rightarrow\) Đpcm.