\(B=2^{2018}-2^{2017}-2^{2016}-2^{2015}-2^{2014}\)

\(=>2B=2^{2019}-2^{2018}-2^{2017}-2^{2016}-2^{2015}\)

\(=>2B+B=2^{2019}-2^{2014}\)

\(=>B=\dfrac{2^{2019}-2^{2014}}{3}\)

a) \(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{80}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}\)

\(2A-A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{81}-1-2-2^2-...-2^{80}\)

\(A=2^{81}-1\)

Nên A + 1 là:

\(A+1=2^{81}-1+1=2^{81}\)

b) \(B=1+3+3^2+...+3^{99}\)

\(3B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}\)

\(3B-B=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{100}-1-3-3^2-...-3^{99}\)

\(2B=3^{100}-1\)

Nên 2B + 1 là:

\(2B+1=3^{100}-1+1=3^{100}\)

2) 

a) \(2^x\cdot\left(1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\right)+1=2^{2016}\)

Gọi:

\(A=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

\(2A=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(A=2^{2016}-1\)

Ta có:

\(2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)+1=2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x\cdot\left(2^{2016}-1\right)=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x=\dfrac{2^{2016}-1}{2^{2016}-1}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^x=2^0\)

\(\Rightarrow x=0\)

b) \(8^x-1=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

Gọi: \(B=1+2+2^2+...+2^{2015}\)

\(2B=2+2^2+2^3+...+2^{2016}\)

\(B=2^{2016}-1\)

Ta có:

\(8^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2^3\right)^x-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}-1=2^{2016}-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2^{3x}=2^{2016}\)

\(\Rightarrow3x=2016\)

\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2016}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow x=672\)

a) \(5x-65=5.3^2 \\ 5x-65=45\\5x=45+65\\5x=110\\x=22\)

b) \(200-(2x+6)=4^3\\2x+6=200-4^3\\2x+6=136\\2x=130\\x=65\)

c) \(2(x-51)=2.2^3+20\\2(x-51)=16+20\\2(x-51)=36\\x-51=18\\x=51+18=69\)

d) \(135-5(x+4)=35\\5(x+4)=135-45\\5(x-4)=90\\x-4=18\\x=18+4=22\)

e) \((2x-4)(15-3x)=0\\2(x-2).3(5-x)=0\\(x-2)(5-x)=0\\ \left[ \begin{array}{l}x-2=0\\5-x=0\end{array} \right. \\ \left[ \begin{array}{l}x=2\\x=5\end{array} \right.\)

f) \(2^{x+1} . 2^{2014}=2^{2016} \\ (2^{x+1} . 2^{2014}):2^{2014}=2^{2016} :2^{2014} \\ 2^{x=1}=2^{2016-2014} \\2^{x+1}=2^2\\x+1=2\\x=1\)

g) \(15+(x-1)^3=43\\(x-1)^3=15-42\\(x-1)^3=-27\\(x-1)^3=(-3)^3\\x-1=-3\\x=-2\)

h) \(15-x=17+(-9)\\15-x=17-9\\15-x=8\\x=15-8\\x=7\)

i) \(|x-5|=|-7|+|-4|\\|x-5|=7+4\\|x-5|=11\\ \left[ \begin{array}{l}x-5=11\\x-5=-11\end{array} \right. \\ \left[ \begin{array}{l}x=16\\x=-6\end{array} \right.\)

k) \(|x-3|-12=-9+|-7|\\|x-3|-12=-9+7\\|x-3|-12=-2\\|x-3|=10 \\ \left[ \begin{array}{l}x-3=10\\x-3=-10\end{array} \right. \\ \left[ \begin{array}{l}x=13\\x=-7\end{array} \right.\)

a, 2.(x – 5)+7 = 77

<=> 2.(x – 5) = 70 <=> x – 5 = 35 <=> x = 40

b,  x - 1 3 - 3 5 : 3 4 + 2 . 2 3 = 14

<=> x - 1 3 - 3 + 2 4 = 14

<=>  x - 1 3 = 14 + 3 - 16 = 1

<=> x – 1 = 1 <=> x = 2

c,  1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 = 2 x - 1 - 1

Đặt: A = 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 => 2A =  2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2017

=> 2A – A = ( 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2017 ) – ( 1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 )

=> A =  2 2017 - 1

Ta có:  1 + 2 + 2 2 + 2 3 + . . . + 2 2016 = 2 x - 1 - 1 =>  2 2017 - 1 =  2 x - 1 - 1 => x = 2018

d,  5 2 x - 3 - 2 . 5 2 = 5 2 . 3

<=>  5 2 x - 3 = 5 2 . 3 + 5 2 . 2

<=>  5 2 x - 3 = 5 2 . ( 3 + 2 )

<=>  5 2 x - 3 = 5 3

<=> 2x – 3 = 3 => x = 3

\(a,x+21=6\\ \Rightarrow x=-15\\ b,x-10=-8\\ \Rightarrow x=2\\ c,\left(-8\right)x=\left(-7\right)\left(-6\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left(-8\right)x=42\\ \Rightarrow x=-4\\ d,20+8\left(x+3\right)=5^2.4\\ \Rightarrow20+8\left(x+3\right)=25.4\\ \Rightarrow20+8\left(x+3\right)=100\\ \Rightarrow8\left(x+3\right)=80\\ \Rightarrow x+3=10\\ \Rightarrow x=7\)

\(a.x+21=6\\ x=6-21\\ x=-15\\ b.x-10=-8\\ x=-8+10\\ x=2\\ c.-8x=-7.\left(-6\right)-2\\ -8x=42-2\\ -8x=40\\ x=40:\left(-8\right)\\ x=-5\)

\(d.20+8\left(x+3\right)=5^2.4\\ 20+8x+24=25.4\\ 44+8x=100\\ 8x=100-44\\ 8x=56\\ x=56:8\\ x=7\)

a)x+21=6                    b)x-10=-8

         X=6-21                         x=-8+10

          X=-15                           x=2

C)(-8).x=-7×(-6)-2             d)20+8.(x+3)=5^2.4

     (-8).x=40                             20+8.(x+3)=100

             X=40÷8                        8.(x+3)=100-20

              X=5                               8.(x+3)=80

                                                     X+3=80÷8

                                                     X+3=10

                                                           X=10-3=7

a) 115 + 5 ( x – 4 ) = 120

5 ( x – 4 ) = 120 – 115

5 ( x – 4 ) = 5

x – 4 = 5 : 5

x – 4 = 1

x = 1 + 4

x = 5

b)  5|x| –  10 0 = 3 7 : 3 5

5| x | – 1 =  3 2

5| x | = 9 + 1

5| x | = 10

| x | = 2

x = 2 hoặc x = -2

c)  2 2016 . 2 x - 1 = 2 2015

2 x - 1 = 2 2015 :   2 2016

2 x - 1 = 2 2015 - 2016

2 x - 1 = 2 - 1

⇒ x – 1 = -1

x = -1 + 1

x = 0

Bài 1:

a) \(\frac{16}{15}.\frac{\left(-5\right)}{14}.\frac{54}{24}.\frac{56}{21}\)

\(=\frac{4.2.2}{5.3}.\frac{\left(-5\right)}{2.7}.\frac{3.3}{4}.\frac{8}{3}\)

\(=\frac{4.2.2.\left(-5\right).3.3.8}{5.3.2.7.4.3}\)

\(=\frac{-16}{7}\)

b) \(\frac{7}{3}.\frac{\left(-5\right)}{2}.\frac{15}{21}.\frac{4}{\left(-5\right)}\)

\(=\frac{7}{3}.\frac{\left(-5\right)}{2}.\frac{5}{7}.\frac{2.2}{\left(-5\right)}\)

\(=\frac{7.\left(-5\right).5.2.2}{3.2.7.\left(-5\right)}\)

\(=\frac{10}{3}\)

Bài 2:

a) \(\frac{21}{24}.\frac{11}{9}.\frac{5}{7}=\frac{7}{8}.\frac{11}{9}.\frac{5}{7}=\frac{11.5}{8.9}=\frac{55}{72}\)

b) \(\frac{5}{23}.\frac{17}{26}+\frac{5}{23}.\frac{9}{26}\)

\(=\frac{5}{23}.\left(\frac{17}{26}+\frac{9}{26}\right)=\frac{5}{23}.1=\frac{5}{23}\)

c) \(\left(\frac{3}{29}-\frac{1}{5}\right).\frac{29}{3}=\frac{3}{29}.\frac{29}{3}-\frac{1}{5}.\frac{29}{3}\)

\(=1-1\frac{14}{15}=\frac{14}{15}\)

Bài 3:

a) x/5 = 2/5

=> x =2

b) -4/x = 20/14 = 10/7

=> -4/x = 10/7

=> x.10 = (-4).7

x.10 = - 28

x= -28 :10

x= -2,8

c) 4/7 = 12/x = 12/ 21

=> 12/x = 12/21

=> x = 21

d) 3/7 = x / 21 = 9/21

=> x/21 = 9/21

=> x= 9

a) Liệt kê

x = {-7;-6;-5;-4;-3;-2;-1;0;1;2;3;4;5;6;7}

Tính tổng là: -7+-6+-5+-4+.....+4+5+6+7

           =  (-7+7)+(-6+6)+(-5+5)+....+(-1+1)+0

           =   0+0+0....+0

           =    0

b) Liệt kê

x = {-5;-4;-3;-2;-1;0;1;2;3}

Tính tổng:  -5+-4+-3+-2+-2+0+1+2+3

            = (-3+3)+(-2+2)+(-1+1)+0+-5+-4

            =   0+0+0+0+ -9

            =  -9

c) Liệt kê:

x = { -19;-18;-17;-16;....;18;19;20}

Tính tổng:   -19+-18+-17+-16+....+15+16+17+18+19+20

         =  (-19+19)+(-18+18)+...+(-1+1)+0+20

        =   0 + 0+...+0+20

       =   20

*TÌM X:

a) 2x -35 = 15

    2x       =  15 + 35

    2x       =    50

      x       =  50 :2

      x        =   25

b) 3x + 17 = 2

    3x         =  17+2

   3x           =  19

     x           =  19 : 3

    x           =   6,33

c) /x-1/ = 0

   \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\x-1=-0\left(loai\right)\end{cases}}\)

Vậy x-1 = 0

       x     = 0 +1 = 1