a) Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM:

\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\) >= 2\(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}\) =2

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=1

b) Cũng áp dụng BĐT AM- GM nhưng cho 3 số

c) Áp dụng BĐT AM- GM a+b>= 2\(\sqrt{ab}\)

\(\left(a+b\right)+\left(b+c\right)+\left(c+a\right)\) >= 8\(\sqrt{ab.bc.ca}\) = 8abc

Dấu '=' xảy ra <=> a=b=c

a.

Giả sử: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge ab\) ( đúng )

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( đúng )

Vậy \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge ab\)

b.Giả sử: \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\) ( đúng )

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{a+b}{ab}\right)\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2-4ab\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )

Vậy \(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge4\)

Cảm ơn bn ^^

Viết gọn lại, ta cần chứng minh:
\(\sum\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge\sum4\left(\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge\sum4\left(\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{a+b}{ab}}\right)=\sum\dfrac{4ab}{a+b}\)

Thật vậy, ta có:

\(\sum\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^2\ge\sum\left(2\sqrt{\left(a+b\right).\dfrac{1}{4}}\right)^2=\sum a+b\)

Vậy ta cần chứng minh:

\(\sum a+b\ge\sum\dfrac{4ab}{a+b}\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a+b\right)^2\ge\sum4ab\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)

Vậy ta có đpcm. Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a=b=c

I. Đúng do BĐT Cosi \(a+\dfrac{9}{a}\ge2.\sqrt{a.\dfrac{9}{a}}=6\)

II. Sai do \(\dfrac{a^2+5}{\sqrt{a^2+4}}=\sqrt{a^2+4}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a^2+4}}\ge2+\dfrac{1}{a^2+4}>2\)

III. Đúng do BĐT Cosi \(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{ab+1}\le\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}}{2\sqrt{ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

IV. Đúng do BĐT BSC \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{a}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\sqrt{b}.\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}\right)^2=4\)

3/ Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM, ta có :

\(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{\left(bc\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2a}{c}\)

\(\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{\left(ac\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2b}{a}\)

\(\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}+\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(ac\right)^2}{\left(ab\right)^2}}=\dfrac{2c}{b}\)

Cộng 3 vế của BĐT trên ta có :

\(2\left(\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{a}\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)

Bài 1:

Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2.bc}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{b^2.ac}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{c^2.ab}}=\frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}}{2abc}\)

Tiếp tục áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:

\(\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{ab}\leq \frac{b+c}{2}+\frac{c+a}{2}+\frac{a+b}{2}=a+b+c\)

Do đó:

\(\frac{1}{a^2+bc}+\frac{1}{b^2+ac}+\frac{1}{c^2+ab}\leq \frac{\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{bc}+\sqrt{ca}}{2abc}\leq \frac{a+b+c}{2abc}\) (đpcm)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$

Bài 2:

Thay $1=a+b+c$ và áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:

\(\left(1+\frac{1}{a}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{(a+1)(b+1)(c+1)}{abc}\)

\(=\frac{(a+a+b+c)(b+a+b+c)(c+a+b+c)}{abc}\)

\(\geq \frac{4\sqrt[4]{a.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{b.a.b.c}.4\sqrt[4]{c.a.b.c}}{abc}=\frac{64abc}{abc}=64\)

Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}$

Ta có : \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=ab+\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\)

\(=\left(ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16ab}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si có 

\(ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}\ge2\sqrt{ab\cdot\dfrac{1}{16ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\)

Có : \(1=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow16ab\le4\Rightarrow\dfrac{15}{16ab}\ge\dfrac{15}{4}\)

Do đó \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge2+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{25}{4}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{ab}-b-\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}}\)

A=\(\left(a+b\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)

= \(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\)

= \(2+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT cô si cho 2 số ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}\)

⇔\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\)

⇔\(2+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\ge4\)

⇔ A ≥4

=> Min A =4

dấu "=" xảy ra khi

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{a}\)

⇔a²=b²

⇔a=b

vậy Min A =4 khi a=b

Đành giải tạm bằng nick này vì sợ một vài thành phần trẻ trâu anti phá phách :poor:

Phân tích và giải

Dễ thấy: Dấu "=" khi \(a=b=c=1\)

\(\Rightarrow L=Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{3}{4}\text{ và }F=-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Khi đó \(VT=L-F=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

Ta sẽ chia làm 2 bước cm:

B1: \(Σ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\le\dfrac{3}{4}\). Ta xét BĐT :

\(\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)}{8\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)}\) (cần tìm \(k\) thỏa mãn)

\(\Leftrightarrow8a\left(a^{2k}+a^k+1\right)-3\left(a^{2k}+a^k\right)\left(a^2+2a+1\right)\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(a\right)=-3a^{2k}+2a^{k+1}-3a^{k+2}+2a^{2k+1}-3a^{2k+2}-3a^k+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(a\right)=2k\cdot-3a^{2k-1}+\left(k+1\right)2a^k-\left(k+2\right)3a^{k+1}+\left(2k+1\right)2a^{2k}-\left(2k+2\right)3a^{2k+1}-k\cdot3a^{k-1}+8a\)

\(\Rightarrow f'\left(1\right)=0\Rightarrow-12k=0\Rightarrow k=0\)

Hay BĐT phụ cần tìm là \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+2a+1}\le\dfrac{3\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0\right)}{8\left(a^{2\cdot0}+a^0+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{4}\) (bài này \(k\) đẹp ra luôn \(\farac{1}{4}\) cộng vào là ok =))

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{4\left(a+1\right)^2}\le0\) *Đúng* \(\RightarrowΣ\dfrac{a}{\left(a+1\right)^2}\leΣ\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

B2: CM \(-\dfrac{4}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\le-\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Tự cm nhé Goodluck :v

đây là hệ số bất định

Một lời giải sơ cấp:

Đổi \(\left(a;b;c\right)\rightarrow\left(\dfrac{x}{y};\dfrac{y}{z};\dfrac{z}{x}\right)\).BDT cần chứng minh tương đương:

\(\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[\dfrac{3}{4}-\sum\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]+\left[\dfrac{4xyz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{2}\right]\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left[\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{xy}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\right]-\dfrac{\sum\left(x^2+y^2\right)z-6xyz}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{\sum z\left(x-y\right)^2}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sum\left(x-y\right)^2\left[\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\right]\ge0\)

hay \(S_a\left(y-z\right)^2+S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\)(*)

với \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}S_a=\dfrac{1}{4\left(y+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{x}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}{4\left(y+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}\\S_b=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+z\right)^2}-\dfrac{y}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}{4\left(x+z\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}\\S_c=\dfrac{1}{4\left(x+y\right)^2}-\dfrac{z}{2\prod\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Dễ thấy \(S_a;S_b;S_c\) không phải là luôn không âm.Giả sử \(x=max\left\{x;y;z\right\}\).

Từ đó suy ra \(S_a\ge0\).Xét \(S_b+S_c=\dfrac{\left(y-z\right)^2}{4\left(x+y\right)^2\left(x+z\right)^2}\ge0,\forall x;y;z>0\)

Do đó \(VT=S_a\left(x-y\right)^2+\left[S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\right]\ge0\)

Ta sẽ chứng minh \(S_b\left(z-x\right)^2+S_c\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\) với \(S_b+S_c\ge0\)

và điều này đúng hay không e không biết, quan trọng là .. Chúc Mừng Năm Mới !!