Bài 1:
a) Ta có: \(\left|x-4\right|=\left|-81\right|\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-4\right|=81\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-4=81\\x-4=-81\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=85\\x=-77\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{-77;85\right\}\)
b) Ta có: \(\left(x-2\right)\left(y+1\right)=23\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2;y+1\inƯ\left(23\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2;y+1\in\left\{1;23;-1;-23\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=1\\y+1=23\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=23\\y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-1\\y+1=-23\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2=-23\\y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=22\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=25\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-24\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-21\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: (x,y)\(\in\){(3;22);(25;0);(1;-24);(-21;-2)}
