Bài 1 :
Ta có :
\(x\in N\)
\(3⋮\left(x-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in N;x-1\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=1\Leftrightarrow x=2\\x-1=3\Leftrightarrow x=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy .................
Bài 2 :
Ta có :
\(x\in N\)
\(x:12\left(dư2\right)\)
\(x:18\left(dư8\right)\)
\(x⋮10\)
\(300\le x\le400\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-10⋮12;18;10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-10\in BC\left(10;12;18\right)\)
Mà :
\(10=2.5\)
\(12=2^2.3\)
\(18=2.3^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow BCNN\left(10;12;18\right)=2^2.3^2.5=160\)
\(\Leftrightarrow BC\left(10;12;18\right)=B\left(160\right)=\left\{0;160;320;480;...........\right\}\)
Vì \(300\le x\le400\) \(\Leftrightarrow x-10=320\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=310\)
Vậy .................