a) \(1+\dfrac{4}{9}=\dfrac{9}{9}+\dfrac{4}{9}=\dfrac{9+4}{9}=\dfrac{13}{9}\)
b) \(5+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{10}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{10+1}{2}=\dfrac{11}{2}\)
c) \(3-\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{18}{6}-\dfrac{5}{6}=\dfrac{18-5}{6}=\dfrac{13}{6}\)
d) \(\dfrac{31}{7}-2=\dfrac{31}{7}-\dfrac{14}{7}=\dfrac{31-14}{7}=\dfrac{17}{7}\)