\(2^{x-1}=16\)
\(2^{x-1}=2^4\)
\(\Rightarrow x-1=4\)
\(x=4+1\)
\(x=5\)
Vậy \(x=5\)
b) \(\frac{\left(-3\right)^x}{81}=-27\)
\(\left(-3\right)^x=-27.81\)
\(\left(-3\right)^x=-2187\)
\(\left(-3\right)^x=\left(-3\right)^7\)
\(\Rightarrow x=7\)
Vậy \(x=7\)