Phương trình bậc nhất một ẩn

ma

bài 1:giải các phương trình sau:

a/2,3x-2.(0,7+2x)=3,6-1,7x

b/\(\frac{4}{3}\)x-\(\frac{5}{6}\)=\(\frac{1}{2}\)

c/\(\frac{x}{10}\)-(\(\frac{x}{30}\)+\(\frac{2x}{45}\))=\(\frac{4}{5}\)

d/\(\frac{10x+3}{8}\)=\(\frac{7-8x}{12}\)

e/\(\frac{10x-5}{18}\)+\(\frac{x+3}{12}\)=\(\frac{7x+3}{6}\)-\(\frac{12-x}{9}\)

f/\(\frac{x+4}{5}\)-x-5=\(\frac{x+3}{2}\)-\(\frac{x-2}{2}\)

g/\(\frac{2-x}{4}\)=\(\frac{2.\left(x+1\right)}{5}\)-\(\frac{3.\left(2x-5\right)}{10}\)

h/\(\frac{x+2}{3}\)+\(\frac{3.\left(2x-1\right)}{4}\)-\(\frac{5x-3}{6}\)=x+\(\frac{5}{12}\)

bài 2:giải các phương trình sau:

a/5.(x-1).(2x-1)=3.(x+8).(x-1)

b/(3x-2).(x+6).(\(^{x^2}\)+5)=0

c/(3x-2).(9\(^{x^2}\)+6x+4)-(3x-1).(9\(^{x^2}\)-3x+1)=x-4

d/x.(x-1)-(x-3).(x+4)=5x

e/(2x+1).(2x-1)=4x.(x-7)-3x

Nguyễn Lê Phước Thịnh
29 tháng 4 2020 lúc 10:16

Bài 1:

a) Ta có: \(2,3x-2\left(0,7+2x\right)=3,6-1,7x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2,3x-1,4-4x-3,6+1,7x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-5=0\)(vl)

Vậy: \(x\in\varnothing\)

b) Ta có: \(\frac{4}{3}x-\frac{5}{6}=\frac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4}{3}x=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{5}{6}=\frac{8}{6}=\frac{4}{3}\)

hay x=1

Vậy: x=1

c) Ta có: \(\frac{x}{10}-\left(\frac{x}{30}+\frac{2x}{45}\right)=\frac{4}{5}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{9x}{90}-\frac{3x}{90}-\frac{4x}{90}-\frac{72}{90}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x-72=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-36\right)=0\)

mà 2>0

nên x-36=0

hay x=36

Vậy: x=36

d) Ta có: \(\frac{10x+3}{8}=\frac{7-8x}{12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow12\left(10x+3\right)=8\left(7-8x\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow120x+36=56-64x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow120x+36-56+64x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow184x-20=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow184x=20\)

hay \(x=\frac{5}{46}\)

Vậy: \(x=\frac{5}{46}\)

e) Ta có: \(\frac{10x-5}{18}+\frac{x+3}{12}=\frac{7x+3}{6}-\frac{12-x}{9}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(10x-5\right)}{36}+\frac{3\left(x+3\right)}{36}-\frac{6\left(7x+3\right)}{36}+\frac{4\left(12-x\right)}{36}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(10x-5\right)+3\left(x+3\right)-6\left(7x+3\right)+4\left(12-x\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow20x-10+3x+9-42x-18+48-4x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-23x+29=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-23x=-29\)

hay \(x=\frac{29}{23}\)

Vậy: \(x=\frac{29}{23}\)

f) Ta có: \(\frac{x+4}{5}-x-5=\frac{x+3}{2}-\frac{x-2}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{2\left(x+4\right)}{10}-\frac{10x}{10}-\frac{50}{10}=\frac{25}{10}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x+8-10x-50-25=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8x-67=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8x=67\)

hay \(x=\frac{-67}{8}\)

Vậy: \(x=\frac{-67}{8}\)

g) Ta có: \(\frac{2-x}{4}=\frac{2\left(x+1\right)}{5}-\frac{3\left(2x-5\right)}{10}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(2-x\right)-8\left(x+1\right)+6\left(2x-5\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow10-5x-8x-8+12x-30=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x-28=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x=28\)

hay x=-28

Vậy: x=-28

h) Ta có: \(\frac{x+2}{3}+\frac{3\left(2x-1\right)}{4}-\frac{5x-3}{6}=x+\frac{5}{12}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4\left(x+2\right)}{12}+\frac{9\left(2x-1\right)}{12}-\frac{2\left(5x-3\right)}{12}-\frac{12x}{12}-\frac{5}{12}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4x+8+18x-9-10x+6-12x-5=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow0x=0\)

Vậy: \(x\in R\)

Bài 2:

a) Ta có: \(5\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=3\left(x+8\right)\left(x-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow5\left(x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)-3\left(x-1\right)\left(x+8\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left[5\left(2x-1\right)-3\left(x+8\right)\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(10x-5-3x-24\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(7x-29\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\7x-29=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\7x=29\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=\frac{29}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{1;\frac{29}{7}\right\}\)

b) Ta có: \(\left(3x-2\right)\left(x+6\right)\left(x^2+5\right)=0\)(1)

Ta có: \(x^2\ge0\forall x\)

\(\Rightarrow x^2+5\ge5\ne0\forall x\)(2)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra:

\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=0\\x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x=2\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{2}{3}\\x=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy: Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{\frac{2}{3};-6\right\}\)

c) Ta có: \(\left(3x-2\right)\left(9x^2+6x+4\right)-\left(3x-1\right)\left(9x^2-3x+1\right)=x-4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27x^3-8-\left(27x^3-1\right)-x+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow27x^3-8-27x^3+1-x+4=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x-3=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x=3\)

hay x=-3

Vậy: Tập nghiệm S={-3}

d) Ta có: \(x\left(x-1\right)-\left(x-3\right)\left(x+4\right)=5x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-\left(x^2+x-12\right)-5x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-x^2-x+12-5x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow12-7x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow7x=12\)

hay \(x=\frac{12}{7}\)

Vậy: Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{\frac{12}{7}\right\}\)

e) Ta có: (2x+1)(2x-1)=4x(x-7)-3x

\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-1-4x^2+28x+3x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow31x-1=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow31x=1\)

hay \(x=\frac{1}{31}\)

Vậy: Tập nghiệm \(S=\left\{\frac{1}{31}\right\}\)

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