Bài 1: Cho tứ diện ABCD, biết \(AB^2+CD^2=AD^2+BC^2.\) Hãy tính tích vô hướng \(\overrightarrow{AC.}\overrightarrow{BD}\)
Bài 2: Trong không gian, cho \(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|=4;\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|=5;(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b})=120^{\theta}.\) Hãy tính độ dài các vecto sau:
\(a)\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|\)
\(b)\left|2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|\)
Bài 3: Trong không gian, cho\(\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|=4;\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|=3;\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=10.\) Đặt \(\overrightarrow{x}=\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b};\) \(\overrightarrow{y}=\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}.\) gọi αlà góc giữa hai vecto \((\overrightarrow{x},\overrightarrow{y})\). Hãy tính cosα
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1/ \(\overrightarrow{AB}^2-\overrightarrow{AD}^2=\overrightarrow{BC}^2-\overrightarrow{CD}^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right)=\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{CD}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AD}\right).\overrightarrow{DB}=\overrightarrow{BD}\left(\overrightarrow{BC}-\overrightarrow{CD}\right)=\overrightarrow{DB}\left(\overrightarrow{CB}+\overrightarrow{CD}\right)\)
Gọi M là trung điểm BD
\(\Rightarrow2\overrightarrow{AM}.\overrightarrow{DB}=2\overrightarrow{CM}.\overrightarrow{DB}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{DB}.\left(\overrightarrow{AM}-\overrightarrow{CM}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\overrightarrow{BD}.\overrightarrow{AC}=0\)
2/ \(A=\left|\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right|\Rightarrow A^2=\overrightarrow{a}^2-2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}+\overrightarrow{b}^2\)
\(=a^2+b^2-2ab.cos\left(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b}\right)=4^2+5^2-2.4.5.cos120^0=61\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\sqrt{61}\)
b/ \(B=\left|2\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}\right|\Rightarrow B^2=4a^2+b^2+4\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}\)
\(=4a^2+b^2+4ab.cos120^0=49\)
\(\Rightarrow B=7\)
3/ \(\left|\overrightarrow{x}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b}\right|\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{x}\right|^2=a^2+4b^2-4\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=12\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{x}\right|=2\sqrt{3}\)
\(\left|\overrightarrow{y}\right|^2=a^2+b^2-2\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=5\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{y}\right|=\sqrt{5}\)
\(\overrightarrow{x}.\overrightarrow{y}=\left(\overrightarrow{a}-2\overrightarrow{b}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{a}-\overrightarrow{b}\right)=a^2+2b^2-3\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}=4\)
\(\Rightarrow cos\alpha=\frac{\overrightarrow{x}.\overrightarrow{y}}{\left|\overrightarrow{x}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{y}\right|}=\frac{4}{2\sqrt{15}}=\frac{2\sqrt{15}}{15}\)
