a: \(I_1 = \int \left( \tan(x) - \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \right) dx\)
=>\(I_1 = \int \tan(x) \, dx - \int \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx\)
\(A=\int\tan(x)\,dx\)
\(=\int\frac{\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}\,dx\)
\(=-\int\frac{d(\cos(x))}{\cos(x)}=-\ln\vert{}\cos(x)\vert{}\)
\(B = \int \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx\)
Đặt \(u=\ln(\cos(x))\)
\(\implies du=\frac{-\sin(x)}{\cos(x)}dx=-\tan(x)dx\)
\(\int \tan(x) \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx = -\int u^{15} \, du = -\frac{u^{16}}{16} + C = -\frac{\ln^{16}(\cos(x))}{16} + C\)
Do đó: \(I_1 = -\ln\vert{}\cos(x)\vert{} - \int \ln^{15}(\cos(x)) \, dx + C\)
b: \(I_2 = \int \frac{x^4 + x^2 + 1}{2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7} \, dx\)
Ta có: \(x^4 + x^2 + 1 = \left( \frac{x}{2} - \frac{5}{4} \right)(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7) + \left( \frac{25}{4}x^2 + \frac{7}{2}x - \frac{31}{4} \right)\)
=>\(\frac{x^4 + x^2 + 1}{2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7}=\frac{x}{2}-\frac{5}{4}+\frac{\frac{25}{4}x^2 + \frac{7}{2}x - \frac{31}{4}}{2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7}\)
\(=\frac{x}{2}-\frac{5}{4}+\frac{25x^2 + 14x - 31}{4(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7)}\)
Đặt \(\frac{25x^2 + 14x - 31}{(x - 1)(2x^2 + 7x + 7)} = \frac{A}{x - 1} + \frac{Bx + C}{2x^2 + 7x + 7}\)
=>\(25x^2 + 14x - 31 = A(2x^2 + 7x + 7) + (Bx + C)(x - 1)\)
=>\(25x^2+14x-31=x^2\left(2A+B\right)+x\left(7A-B+C\right)+7A-C\)
=>\(\begin{cases}2A+B=25\\ 7A-B+C=14\\ 7A-C=-31\end{cases}\Rightarrow\begin{cases}2A+B=25\\ 7A-B+C-7A+C=14+31\\ 7A-C=-31\end{cases}\)
=>2A+B=25 và -B+2C=45 và 7A-C=-31
=>B=25-2A và -25+2A+2C=45 và 7A-C=-31
=>2A+2C=70 và 7A-C=-31 và B=25-2A
=>A+C=35 và 7A-C=-31 và B=25-2A
=>8A=4 và A+C=35 và B=25-2A
=>A=1/2; C=35-1/2=69/2; B=25-2*1/2=24
Do đó: \(\frac{25x^2 + 14x - 31}{4(2x^3 + 5x^2 - 7)} = \frac{1}{8(x - 1)} + \frac{24x + \frac{69}{2}}{4(2x^2 + 7x + 7)} = \frac{1}{8(x - 1)} + \frac{48x + 69}{8(2x^2 + 7x + 7)}\)
48x+69=12(4x+7)-15
=>\(\int \frac{48x + 69}{2x^2 + 7x + 7} dx = 12 \int \frac{4x + 7}{2x^2 + 7x + 7} dx - 15 \int \frac{dx}{2x^2 + 7x + 7}\)
\(= 12 \ln(2x^2 + 7x + 7) - \frac{15}{2} \int \frac{dx}{\left(x + \frac{7}{4}\right)^2 + \frac{7}{16}}\)
\(= 12 \ln(2x^2 + 7x + 7) - \frac{30}{\sqrt{7}} \arctan\left( \frac{4x + 7}{\sqrt{7}} \right)\)
=>\(I_2 = \int \left( \frac{x}{2} - \frac{5}{4} \right) dx + \frac{1}{8} \int \frac{dx}{x - 1} + \frac{1}{8} \int \frac{48x + 69}{2x^2 + 7x + 7} dx\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{4}-\frac{5x}{4}+\frac{1}{8}\ln\vert{}x-1\vert{}+\frac{3}{2}\ln(2x^2+7x+7)-\frac{15}{4\sqrt{7}}\arctan\left(\frac{4x + 7}{\sqrt{7}}\right)+C\)