a, Hiện tượng : Nhôm tác dụng với dung dịch H\(_2SO_4\)
PTHH: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=C_M.V=1.0,5=0,5mol\)
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0.5}{3}\)
\(\rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\)
Từ phương trình : \(n_{H_2SO_4pu}=\dfrac{3}{2}.0,2=0,3mol\)
\(\rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,5-0,3=0,2mol\)
\(\rightarrow m_{H_2SO_4dư}=0,2.98=19,6g\)
c, \(V_{dd_{spu}}=V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=0.5l\)
Từ phương trình: \(n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2=0,1mol\)
\(\rightarrow C_{M_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}}=\dfrac{0,1}{0.5}=0.2M\)
\(C_{M_{H_2SO_4dư}}=\dfrac{0.2}{0.5}=0.4M\)
d, \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.98=49g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{49.100\%}{20\%}=245g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd_{spu}}=m_{Al}+m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=5,4+245=250,4g\)
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1.342=34,2g\)
\(\rightarrow C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{34,2.100\%}{250,4}\simeq13,66\%\)
\(C\%_{H_2SO_4dư}=\dfrac{19,6.100\%}{250,4}\simeq7,83\%\)