a)\(\frac{a^2+a+3}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)+3}{a+1}=\frac{a\left(a+1\right)}{a+1}+\frac{3}{a+1}=a+\frac{3}{a+1}\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrow3⋮a+1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+1\inƯ\left(3\right)=\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)

\(\Rightarrow a\in\left\{0;-2;2;-4\right\}\)

b) Phần 1

\(x-2xy+y=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4xy+2y=0\)

\(\Rightarrow2x-4xy+2y-1=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow2x\left(1-2y\right)-\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(2x-1\right)\left(1-2y\right)=-1\)

Lập bảng xét Ư(-1)={1;-1}

Phần 2:

\(\frac{x}{y+z+t}=\frac{y}{z+t+x}=\frac{z}{t+x+y}=\frac{t}{x+y+z}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y+z+t}+1=\frac{y}{z+t+x}+1=\frac{z}{t+x+y}+1=\frac{t}{x+y+z}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x+y+z+t}{y+z+t}=\frac{y+z+t+x}{z+t+x}=\frac{z+t+x+y}{t+x+y}=\frac{t+x+y+z}{x+y+z}\)

+)XÉt \(x+y+z+t\ne0\) suy ra \(x=y=z=t\), Khi đó \(P=1+1+1+1=4\)

+)Xét \(x+y+z+t=0\) suy ra x+y=-(z+t); y+z=-(t+x); (z+t)=-(x+y); (t+x)=-(y+z)

Khi đó \(P=\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)+\left(-1\right)=-4\)

Vậy P có giá trị nguyên 

Đặt A=x/x+y+z + y/x+y+t + z/y+z+t +t/x+z+t

-Chứng minh biểu thức nhỏ hơn 2 .

Ta có: A<x+t/x+y+z+t + y+z/x+y+t+z + z+x/y+z+t+x + t+y/x+t+y+z

A<x+t+y+z+z+x+t+y/x+y+t+z

A<2(x+t+y+z)/x+y+t+z

A<2

-Chứng minh biêu thức lớn hơn 1

A>x/x+y+t+z + y/x+y+t+z + t/x+y+z+t + z/x+y+t+z

A>x+y+t+z/z+x+y+t

A>1

Mà 1<A<2

Suy ra A không phải là STN

Có gì sai thì bạn sửa nhé

TH1: \(x+y+z+t\ne0\) 

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3\left(x+y+z+t\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x=y+z+t\Rightarrow4x=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{y}{z+t+x}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3y=x+z+t\Rightarrow4y=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{z}{t+x+y}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3z=x+y+t\Rightarrow4z=x+y+z+t\\ \dfrac{t}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3t=x+y+z\Rightarrow4t=x+y+z+t\)
\(\Rightarrow4x=4y=4z=4t\\ \Rightarrow x=y=z=t\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =1+1+1+1\\ =4\)

TH2: \(x+y+z+t=0\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z=-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t=-\left(x+y\right)\\t+x=-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(P=\dfrac{x+y}{z+t}+\dfrac{y+z}{t+x}+\dfrac{z+t}{x+y}+\dfrac{t+x}{y+z}\\ =\dfrac{-\left(z+t\right)}{z+t}+\dfrac{-\left(t+x\right)}{t+x}+\dfrac{-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}+\dfrac{-\left(y+z\right)}{y+z}\\ =-1-1-1-1\\ =-4\)

x,y,z,t thuộc N khác 0 nên x,y,z,t thuộc N sao 

=> x/x+y+z > 0

=> x/x+y+z > x/x+y+z+t

Tương tự : y/x+y+t > y/x+y+z+t

z/y+z+t > z/x+y+z+t

t/x+z+t > t/x+y+z+t

=> M > x+y+z+t/x+y+z+t = 1

Lại có : x < x+y+z => x/x+y+z < 1 => 0 < x/x+y+z < 1

=> x/x+y+z < x+t/x+y+z+t

Tương tự : y/x+y+t < y+z/x+y+z+t

z/y+z+t < z+x/x+y+z+t

t/x+z+t < t+y/x+y+z+t

=> M < 2x+2y+2z+2t/x+y+z+t = 2

Vậy 1 < M < 2 

=> M ko phải là số tự nhiên

Tk mk nha

Từ gt của đề bài :

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{y}{z+t+x}\text{=}\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\text{=}\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\text{=}\dfrac{x+y+z+t}{3.\left(x+y+z+t\right)}\left(\cdot\right)\)

Xét TH : \(x+y+z+t\text{=}0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=-\left(z+t\right)\\y+z\text{=}-\left(x+t\right)\\z+t\text{=}-\left(x+y\right)\\x+t\text{=}-\left(y+z\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Do đó : \(P\text{=}-1+-1+-1+-1\)

\(P\text{=}-4\in Z\)

TH : \(x+y+z+t\ne0\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\cdot\right)\text{=}\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Do đó : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{1}{3}\Rightarrow3x\text{=}y+z+t\)

\(\Rightarrow4x\text{=}x+y+z+t\)

\(CMTT:\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4y\text{=}x+y+z+t\\4z\text{=}x+y+z+t\\4t\text{=}x+y+z+t\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mà : \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{y}{x+z+t}\text{=}\dfrac{z}{x+y+t}\text{=}\dfrac{t}{x+y+z}\)

\(\Rightarrow4x\text{=}4y\text{=}4z\text{=}4t\)

\(\Rightarrow x\text{=}y\text{=}z\text{=}t\)

Do đó : \(P\text{=}4\in Z\)

\(\Rightarrowđpcm\)

Kham khảo :

https://olm.vn/cau-hoi/cho-cac-so-thuc-xyzt-thoa-mandfracxyztdfracyztxdfracztxydfractxyz-cmr-p-dfracxyztdfracyztx.8377111224063.

Bạn vuốt xuống dưới để xem đáp án nha.

\(M>\frac{x}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{y}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{z}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{t}{x+y+z+t}=\frac{x+y+z+t}{x+y+z+t}=1\)

Mà \(\frac{a}{b}<1\) thì \(\frac{a}{b}<\frac{a+m}{b+m}\) ; \(m\in N\)*

Do đó \(M<\frac{x+t}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{y+z}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{z+x}{x+y+z+t}+\frac{t+y}{x+y+z+t}=\frac{2\left(x+y+z+t\right)}{x+y+z+t}=2\)

Vậy 1 < M < 2 nên M không phải là số tự nhiên/