Read Your Top Five Extreme Adventures and check the meaning of the sports verbs in blue. Then choose the correct prepositions.

                                  YOUR TOP FIVE EXTREME ADVENTURES

Take a look at these amazing achievements and choose ‘like’ on your favourite to vote.

Sail ¹around / on the world alone at the age of fourteen. (Laura Dekker)

Climb ²through / up Everest at the age of thirteen. (Jordan Romero and Malavath Poorna)

Dive ³over / off a 27-metre-high cliff into a lake. (Gary Hunt)

Surf ⁴ – / off a thirty-metre wave. (Garrett McNamara)

Cycle ⁵down / under a mountain at 222 kilometres per hour. (Eric Barone)

Look at the pictures A-D below. Match the prepositions in the box with the actions. Say what each person is doing. Then listen and check.

around               down              off               on                   over                                      under                   up

He's walking through the forest.

Exercise 1. Look at the quiz. Check meanings of the verbs in blue. Match questions 1-10 to pictures a-j. Then listen and check.

(Nhìn câu đố. Kiểm tra nghĩa của các từ màu xanh. Nối các từ 1-10 với các tranh  1-j. Sau đó nghe và kiểm tra.)

Are you a SUPER language student?

Answer the questions. Score 1 point for every YES answer. Then look at the key.

1. Do you ever listen to English when you're out of school?

2. Do you know the alphabet? Can you spell your name in English?

3. Do you check words in a dictionary or a wordlist?

4. Do you repeat a new word if you want to learn it?

5. Do you ever practise your pronunciation?

6. Do you revise before an exam?

7. Do you ask questions when you don't understand?

8. Do you usually concentrate when you do your homework?

9. Do you make notes about grammar or write new vocabulary in your notebook?

10. Do you ever read books, articles or comics in English?

B. Read the article. Check your predictions in A and match the titles to paragraphs 1-3. 

(Đọc bài viết dưới đây. Kiểm tra các dự đoán của bạn trong bài A và nối các tiêu đề với các đoạn từ 1-3.)

Pride Through Fashion

1. If you visit the Andes regions of Bolivia, Peru, or Chile, you might see women wearing unique clothing: bowler hats, handmade shawis, and lots of jewelry. This is the fashion of Aymaran women. The Aymara are an indigenous group of people from the Andes mountains and Aymaran women's clothing is very different. Locally, these women are called “cholitas” with their “chola” fashion. 

2. In the past, it was difficult for Aymaran women to get good jobs or an education. They often lived in poorer parts of the cities. But in modern Bolivia, this is changing. More and more Aymaran women go to school. They often get well-paid jobs, so they now have money to spend on more expensive clothes. When French photographer Delphine Blast visited La Paz, the capital of Bolivia she loved the style of the cholitas, so she photographed some of these fashionably dressed women. 

3. Eliana Paco Paredes is an Aymaran fashion designer, and she says that chola clothes are in fashion at the moment. She has a store in La Paz and sells the clothes to local people, and also internationally. “We dress many people in Peru, Argentina, Chile, Brazil, and some products we make go to Spain and Italy.” Recently, Eliana showed her clothes at New York's Fashion Week, where they were very popular. “We're getting people to learn about what this clothing is, ... and many women outside of Bolivia want to wear these outfits.”

indigenous (adj): coming to / living in a country before anyone else

a. The modern lives of the “cholitas” _____

(Cuộc sống hiện đại của “cholitas”)

b. Women with a special style of clothing _____

(Phụ nữ với kiểu quần áo đặc biệt)

c. International “chola” fashion _____

(Thời trang “chola” quốc tế)

SPEAKING Work in pairs. Complete the arts quiz. Use vocabulary from exercises 1, 3 and the correct form of the verbs in the following list. Then do the quiz and check your answers at the bottom of the page.

Artistic activities

act      appear in      carve      compose      conduct      create

dance      direct      draw      paint      perform      play      sing      write

Arts quiz

1. Which italian Renaissance artist (1) _____________ the Mona Lisa?

a. Michelangelo

b. Leonardo da Vinci

c. Caravaggio

2. Which Russian (2) _____________ wrote the music for the ballet Swan Lake?

a. Shostakovich

b. Rachmaninov

c. Tchaikovsky

3. Which of these films was not (3) _____________ by Steven Spielberg?

a. Jaws

b. 2001: A Space Odyssey

c. Schindler's List

4. Which Shakespeare (4) _____________ inspired the film West Side Story?

a. Romeo and Juliet

b. Julius Caesar

c. A Midsummer Night's Dream

5. Which famous (5) _____________ cut off part of his ear?

a. Monet

b. Cézanne

c. Van Gogh

6. Which British (6) _____________ sang on the 2011 hit Someone Like You?

a. Adele

b. Ellie Goulding

c. Calvin Harris

7. Which of these film series did actor Robert Pattinson not (7) _____________ ?

a. Harry Potter

b. Twilight

c. The Hobbit

8. What is the name of the famous (8) _____________ in the photo?

a. Mark

b. David

c. Anthony 

Read the Study Strategy below. Then scan the online article above to find out what jobs Daniel Black, Hoang Tuan Anh and Glen James had.

The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

CLOCKING CULTURES

What is time? The answer varies from society to society

A If you show up a bit late for a meeting in Brazil, no one will be too worried. But if you keep someone in New

York City waiting for ten or fifteen minutes, you may have some explaining to do. Time is seen as relatively flexible in some cultures but is viewed more rigidly in others. Indeed, the way members of a culture perceive and use time tells us about their society's priorities, and even their own personal view of the world.

B Back in the 1950s, anthropologist Edward T Hall described how the social rules of time are like a 'silent

language' for a given culture. These rules might not always be made explicit, he stated, but 'they exist in the

air'. He described how variations in the perception of time can lead to misunderstandings between people

from separate cultures. 'An ambassador who has been kept waiting by a foreign visitor needs to understand that

if his visitor "just mutters an apology", this is not necessarily an insult,' Hall wrote. 'You must know the

social rules of the country to know at what point apologies are really due.'

C Social psychologist Robert V Levine says 'One of the beauties of studying time is that it's a wonderful window on culture. You get answers on what cultures value and believe in.' Levine and his colleagues have conducted so-called pace-of-life studies in 31 countries. In A Geography of Time, published in 1997, Levine describes how he ranked the countries by measuring three things: walking speed on urban sidewalks, how quickly postal clerks could fulfill a request for a common stamp, and the accuracy of public clocks. From the data he collected, he concluded that the five fastest-paced countries are Switzerland, Ireland, Germany, Japan and Italy; the five slowest are Syria, El Salvador, Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico.

D Kevin Birth, an anthropologist, has examined time perceptions in Trinidad. In that country, Birth observes, 'if

you are meeting friends at 6.00 at night, people show up at 6.45 or 7,00 and say, "any time is Trinidad time".'

When it comes to business, however, that loose approach works only for the people with power, A boss

can show up late and just say 'any time is Trinidad time', but those under him are expected to be on time. Birth

adds that the connection between power and waiting time is true for many other cultures as well,

E The complex nature of time makes it hard for anthropologists and social psychologists to investigate.

'You can't simply go into a society, walk up to someone and say, "Teli me about your concept of time",' Birth

says. 'People don't really have an answer to that. You have to come up with other ways to find out.'

F Birth attempted to get at how Trinidadians regard time by exploring how closely their society links time and

money. He surveyed rural residents and found that farmers - whose days are dictated by natural events,

such as sunrise - did not recognise the phrases time is money, budget your time or time management even

though they had satellite TV and were familiar with Western popular culture. But tailors in the same areas

were aware of such notions. Birth concluded that wage work altered the tailors' views of time. 'The ideas of

associating time with money are not found globally,' he says, 'but are attached to your job and the people you

work with.'

G In addition to cultural variations in how people deal with time at a practical level, there may be differences in

how they visualise it from a more theoretical perspective. The Western idea of time has been compared to that of an arrow in flight towards the future; a one-way view of the future which often includes the expectation that life should get better as time passes. Some cultures see time as closely connected with space: the Australian

Aborigines' concept of the 'Dreamtime' combines a myth of how the world began with stories of sacred sites and orientation points that enable the nomadic Aborigines to find their way across the huge Australian landscape. For other cultures, time may be seen as a pattern incorporating the past, present and future, or a wheel in which past, present and future revolve endlessly. But theory and practice do not necessarily go together. 'There's often considerable variation between how a culture views the mythology of time and how they think about time in their daily lives,' Birth asserts.

The reading passage has seven paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.

CLOCKING CULTURES

What is time? The answer varies from society to society

A If you show up a bit late for a meeting in Brazil, no one will be too worried. But if you keep someone in New

York City waiting for ten or fifteen minutes, you may have some explaining to do. Time is seen as relatively flexible in some cultures but is viewed more rigidly in others. Indeed, the way members of a culture perceive and use time tells us about their society's priorities, and even their own personal view of the world.

B Back in the 1950s, anthropologist Edward T Hall described how the social rules of time are like a 'silent

language' for a given culture. These rules might not always be made explicit, he stated, but 'they exist in the

air'. He described how variations in the perception of time can lead to misunderstandings between people

from separate cultures. 'An ambassador who has been kept waiting by a foreign visitor needs to understand that

if his visitor "just mutters an apology", this is not necessarily an insult,' Hall wrote. 'You must know the

social rules of the country to know at what point apologies are really due.'

C Social psychologist Robert V Levine says 'One of the beauties of studying time is that it's a wonderful window on culture. You get answers on what cultures value and believe in.' Levine and his colleagues have conducted so-called pace-of-life studies in 31 countries. In A Geography of Time, published in 1997, Levine describes how he ranked the countries by measuring three things: walking speed on urban sidewalks, how quickly postal clerks could fulfill a request for a common stamp, and the accuracy of public clocks. From the data he collected, he concluded that the five fastest-paced countries are Switzerland, Ireland, Germany, Japan and Italy; the five slowest are Syria, El Salvador, Brazil, Indonesia and Mexico.

D Kevin Birth, an anthropologist, has examined time perceptions in Trinidad. In that country, Birth observes, 'if

you are meeting friends at 6.00 at night, people show up at 6.45 or 7,00 and say, "any time is Trinidad time".'

When it comes to business, however, that loose approach works only for the people with power, A boss

can show up late and just say 'any time is Trinidad time', but those under him are expected to be on time. Birth

adds that the connection between power and waiting time is true for many other cultures as well,

E The complex nature of time makes it hard for anthropologists and social psychologists to investigate.

'You can't simply go into a society, walk up to someone and say, "Teli me about your concept of time",' Birth

says. 'People don't really have an answer to that. You have to come up with other ways to find out.'

F Birth attempted to get at how Trinidadians regard time by exploring how closely their society links time and

money. He surveyed rural residents and found that farmers - whose days are dictated by natural events,

such as sunrise - did not recognise the phrases time is money, budget your time or time management even

though they had satellite TV and were familiar with Western popular culture. But tailors in the same areas

were aware of such notions. Birth concluded that wage work altered the tailors' views of time. 'The ideas of

associating time with money are not found globally,' he says, 'but are attached to your job and the people you

work with.'

G In addition to cultural variations in how people deal with time at a practical level, there may be differences in

how they visualise it from a more theoretical perspective. The Western idea of time has been compared to that of an arrow in flight towards the future; a one-way view of the future which often includes the expectation that life should get better as time passes. Some cultures see time as closely connected with space: the Australian

Aborigines' concept of the 'Dreamtime' combines a myth of how the world began with stories of sacred sites and orientation points that enable the nomadic Aborigines to find their way across the huge Australian landscape. For other cultures, time may be seen as a pattern incorporating the past, present and future, or a wheel in which past, present and future revolve endlessly. But theory and practice do not necessarily go together. 'There's often considerable variation between how a culture views the mythology of time and how they think about time in their daily lives,' Birth asserts.