5. Read the Look out! box. Underline examples of changes to pronouns, possessive adjectives and references to time in the text in exercise 1.

(Đọc bảng Chú ý. Gạch chân các ví dụ về sự thay đổi đại từ, tính từ sở hữu và các tham chiếu về thời gian trong văn bản ở bài tập 1)

Look out! (Chú ý!)

Pronouns, possessive adjectives and references to time and place usually change in reported speech. 

(Đại từ, tính từ sở hữu và các tham chiếu về thời gian và nơi chốn thường thay đổi câu tường thuật.)

“I’ll phone tomorrow”, he said to me.

(Tôi sẽ gọi cho bạn vào ngày mai, anh ấy nói với tôi.)

He told me he’d phone me the following day.

(Anh ấy nói với tôi rằng anh ấy sẽ gọi cho tôi vào ngày hôm sau.)

now → then / at that moment

(ngay bây giờ - ngay lúc đó)

today → that day

(hôm nay - hôm đó)

an hour ago → an hour earlier / an hour before

(một giờ trước - một giờ trước đó)

yesterday → the day before / the previous day

(hôm qua - ngày hôm trước)

last Tuesday, month, year, etc → the Tuesday, the month, the year before, etc.

(thứ ba tuần trước, tháng trước, năm ngoái)

tomorrow → the following day / the next day

(ngày mai - ngày hôm sau)

next week, month, etc → the following week, month, etc

(tuần, tháng sau-> tuần, tháng sau đó).

here → there (đây - đó)

7. Look at the highlighted first conditional sentence in the text in exercise 6, and read the Learn this! box below. Complete rule a with present simple and will + verb. Then find two more examples in the text.

(Nhìn vào câu điều kiện loại 1 được tô nổi lên trong bài đọc ở bài số 6, và đọc hộp Learn this! ở dưới. Hoàn thành quy tắc a với thì hiện tại đơn và will + động từ. Sau đó tìm thêm hai ví dụ khác trong bài đọc.)

LEARN THIS! The first conditional(Câu điều kiện loại 1)

a. We use the first conditional to predict the result of an action. We use the (1) _____ to describe the action, and (2) _____ to describe the result. 

If I get the job, I'll have to move to New York.

b. The if clause can come before or after the main clause. If it comes after, we don't use a comma. 

I won’t take the job if it isn't challenging enough.

3. Find examples of some and any in the text in exercise 2. Then complete the rules in the Learn this! box.

(Tìm các ví dụ về “some” và “any” trong bài khóa trong bài tập 2. Sau đó hoàn thành các quy tắc trong hộp Learn this!)

LEARN THIS! some and any

We use some and any with uncountable and plural countable nouns.

a. We use _____ in affirmative sentences.

b. We use _____ in negatives sentences and questions.

2. Look at the examples of the past perfect highlighted in the text in exercise 1. Find all the other examples. Complete rule a in the Learn this! box.

(Nhìn vào các ví dụ về quá khứ hoàn thành được đánh dấu trong văn bản ở bài tập 1. Tìm tất cả các ví dụ khác. Hoàn thành quy tắc a trong phần Learn this!)

LEARN THIS! Past perfect (Thì quá khứ hoàn thành)

a. We form the past perfect with (1) _____ or (2) _____ and the past participle.

b. We use the past perfect when we are already talking about past events and we want to talk about an even earlier event.

When I got to the classroom, the lesson had started.

c. We often use the past perfect with after, before or when.

Before I got to the bus station, the bus had already left.

After I’d called Maggie, I watched a film on TV.

Read the Learn this! box. Then look at the compound nouns in exercise 2. Underline at least one example of each type (1, 2 and 3). Which type has the most examples?

1. Look at the text on page 98 again and complete the examples. Then choose the correct words in Rules 1-2.

(Xem lại văn bản ở trang 98 và hoàn thành các ví dụ. Sau đó chọn các từ đúng trong Quy tắc 1-2.)

1. We're ...... travel by train.

2. I................. going away.

3. What ........... you going to do this summer?

VOCABULARY Read the Look out! box. What personal qualities do you need for the jobs in the photos in exercise 1, in your opinion? Use words from exercise 2 and the phrases in the Look out! box.

A: A disability support worker needs lots of patience / needs to be very patient.

B: It's important for a children's entertainer to have a good sense of humour.

Read the Reading Strategy. Then complete these tasks.

1 Look at question 1 in exercise 4. Read the second paragraph of the text.

2 Circle the correct option and identify the sentence of the paragraph which gives the answer.

3 Which words are used in the sentence instead of the words in the correct option?

A perfect companion

A: Hello there.

B: How are you?

A: I am doing very well. How are you?

B: Fine.

A: Glad to hear it. What's for today?

B: Nothin'.

A: Fair enough. What do you want to study?

B: I dunno.

A: You don't know what you want to study?! Lazy humans!

B: Say what I need to study.

A: You have not yet told me what you want to study.

This conversation is between a visually-impaired student, Nick, and his digital tutor named Ann Sullutor.

Ann Sullutor is the brainchild of a 22nd century scientist modelled on and named after the dedicated tutor of Helen Keller. You can have conversations with Ann Sullutor via a wristwatch or any piece of jewellery. The idea of the digital tutor was to help disabled children study in mainstream schools.

Early in the morning, Ann Sullutor wakes up from a full charge of energy, ready for a 20-hour non-stop working day. Nick is quite independent in familiar situations, but if he comes across something unexpected, he can turn to Ann Sullutor for help by using his voice to control the watch on this wrist. Similarly, if he is in an unfamiliar place, he can get directions from Ann through a tiny set of earphones. In an emergency, for example, if there is an obstacle or unexpected vehicle, Nick receives a tiny vibration as a warning. Ann sends reports to the child's parents on a regular basis or on demand.

Registered in the school system and equipped with an immense database, Ann can easily keep track of Nick's schedule and curriculum. During class, Ann gives off a warning beep when Nick is distracted, quicky converts the new material into braille or dictates what the teacher has just written on board. Ann is there to bridge the gap between Nick and his classmates. In Nick's individual sessions, Ann suggests lessons depending on his preference and ability. She can adapt the lesson to aid Nick's learning process, but she doesn't jump in immediately to offer him a hand. Nick has to work on his own for a while before Ann makes a few suggestions. She may even ask Nick to read some extra materials to get a grasp of the topic. Nick often complains about Ann's persistence and strictness. In his fury, Nick sometimes does wish to turn Ann off for a while, which can only be done by his parents.

Ann Sullutor is much more than a beautifully-designed gadget for a visually-impaired child. She can make a perfect companion to any child that needs a tutor or a friend to talk with.

4. Read the Reading Strategy. Then look at questions 1-4 in exercise 5. Find the underlined words in the text and explain why those options are not correct.

(Đọc Chiến lược Đọc. Sau đó, xem các câu hỏi 1-4 trong bài tập 5. Tìm các từ gạch chân trong văn bản và giải thích tại sao các lựa chọn đó không đúng)

Reading Strategy(Chiến lược đọc)

Do not assume that because a multiple-choice option contains words from the text, it is correct. Focus on meaning, not on individual words.

(Đừng cho rằng vì một đáp án trong trắc nghiệm chứa từ trong bài đọc, là đúng. Tập trung vào ngữ nghĩa. không phải riêng rẽ từng từ một.)

Treat option as a true or false task in order to find the option that is true.

(Coi các lựa chọn là một bài tập đúng sai để tìm ra đáp án nào đúng.)

5. Read the Look out! box. Then, using the words in brackets, rewrite the sentences so that they have the same meaning.

LOOK OUT!

a. must and have to are very similar. However, must often expresses the feelings of the speaker. (must và have to rất giống nhau. Tuy nhiên, must thường thể hiện cảm xúc của người nói.)

You must do more exercise. (That's my strong opinion.) (Bạn phải làm nhiều bài tập hơn nữa.) (Đó là một quan điểm rất mạnh.)

have to often expresses an external obligation. (have to thường chỉ sự bắt buộc từ bên ngoài.)

You have to wear a helmet. (It's the law.) (Bạn phải đội mũ bảo hiểm.) (Đây là luật.)

b. mustn't and don't have to do NOT have the same meaning. don't have to = needn't, but mustn't means 'it is prohibited’.  (mustn’t và don’t have to không cùng nghĩa. don’t have to = needn’t, nhưng mustn’t nghĩa là “nó bị cấm”.)

1 It isn't necessary for you to help me. (needn't)

2 It's compulsory for us to wear school uniform. (have to)

3 You aren't allowed to talk in the exam. (mustn't)

4. It's important that you listen to me. (must)

5. You needn't write the answer. (have to)