Exercise 1. ANIMAL ART. Work in groups of three. Take turns drawing and guessing animals from unit 3. One student draws an animal for the other two students. The first student to guess the correct animal wins a point. The winner is the student with the most points.

(VẼ ĐỘNG VẬT. Làm việc trong nhóm ba người. Lần lượt vẽ và đoán các con vật từ bài 3. Một học sinh vẽ một con vật cho hai học sinh còn lại. Học sinh đầu tiên đoán đúng con vật sẽ giành được một điểm. Người chiến thắng là học sinh có nhiều điểm nhất.)

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders '" It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members.

       Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the group’s goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a mote distant respect.

It can be understood that________

A. Leaders are sometimes chosen formally or informally.

B. There is lots of tension and conflict in an election of a leader in the family.

C. There is usually an election to choose leaders in a family as well as in larger groups.

D. It has been said that there must be a set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common.

Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may be recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually (26) ______ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

(27) ______ of the common belief that leaders are people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have (28) ______ common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are (29) ______ two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership (30) ______ emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s members.

Điền vào ô số 30

A. which 

B. who 

C. what 

D. those 

Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may be recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually (26) ______ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

(27) ______ of the common belief that leaders are people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have (28) ______ common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are (29) ______ two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership (30) ______ emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s members.

Điền vào ô số 29

A. typically

B. typified 

C. types 

D. typical 

Read the passage and mark A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the blanks.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may be recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually (26) ______ as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

(27) ______ of the common belief that leaders are people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders”. It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have (28) ______ common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are (29) ______ two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things done”. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership (30) ______ emphasizes the collective well-being of a social group’s members.

Điền vào ô số 27

A. Whereas 

B. Although 

C. In spite 

D. Despite