Lời giải:

1.

$4x+9=0$

$4x=-9$

$x=\frac{-9}{4}$
2.

$-5x+6=0$

$-5x=-6$

$x=\frac{6}{5}$

3.

$x^2-1=0$

$x^2=1=1^2=(-1)^2$

$x=\pm 1$

4.

$x^2-9=0$

$x^2=9=3^2=(-3)^2$

$x=\pm 3$

5.

$x^2-x=0$

$x(x-1)=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $x-1=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $x=1$

6.

$x^2-2x=0$

$x(x-2)=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $x-2=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $x=2$

7.

$x^2-3x=0$

$x(x-3)=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $x-3=0$ 

$x=0$ hoặc $x=3$

8.

$3x^2-4x=0$

$x(3x-4)=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $3x-4=0$

$x=0$ hoặc $x=\frac{4}{3}$

Bài 1:

a: \(A=x^2+2x+4\)

\(=x^2+2x+1+3\)

\(=\left(x+1\right)^2+3>=3\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+1=0

=>x=-1

Vậy: \(A_{min}=3\) khi x=-1

b: \(B=x^2-20x+101\)

\(=x^2-20x+100+1\)

\(=\left(x-10\right)^2+1>=1\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-10=0

=>x=10

Vậy: \(B_{min}=1\) khi x=10

c: \(C=x^2-2x+y^2+4y+8\)

\(=x^2-2x+1+y^2+4y+4+3\)

\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2+3>=3\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-1=0 và y+2=0

=>x=1 và y=-2

Vậy: \(C_{min}=3\) khi (x,y)=(1;-2)

Bài 2:

a: \(A=5-8x-x^2\)

\(=-\left(x^2+8x\right)+5\)

\(=-\left(x^2+8x+16-16\right)+5\)

\(=-\left(x+4\right)^2+16+5=-\left(x+4\right)^2+21< =21\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x+4=0

=>x=-4

b: \(B=x-x^2\)

\(=-\left(x^2-x\right)\)

\(=-\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{4}\right)\)

\(=-\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}< =\dfrac{1}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi \(x-\dfrac{1}{2}=0\)

=>\(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

c: \(C=4x-x^2+3\)

\(=-x^2+4x-4+7\)

\(=-\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+7\)

\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+7< =7\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-2=0

=>x=2

d: \(D=-x^2+6x-11\)

\(=-\left(x^2-6x+11\right)\)

\(=-\left(x^2-6x+9+2\right)\)

\(=-\left(x-3\right)^2-2< =-2\forall x\)

Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x-3=0

=>x=3

a) x = -1.                      b) x = 4 hoặc x = 5.

c) x = ± 2 .                  d) x = 1 hoặc x = 2.

1.

 \(x^2-5x+6=0\\ \Rightarrow x^2-2x-3x+6=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x\right)-\left(3x-6\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow x\left(x-2\right)-3\left(x-2\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)

2.

\(\left(x+4\right)^2-\left(3x-1\right)^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+4-3x+1\right)\left(x+4+3x-1\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(-2x+5\right)\left(4x+3\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}-2x+5=0\\4x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{3}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)

3.

\(x^2-2x+24=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+23=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+23=0\)

Vì (x-1)²≥0

23>0

\(\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+23>0\)

Vậy x vô nghiệm

4.

\(9x^2-4=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(3x-4\right)\left(3x+4\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-4=0\\3x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{4}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)

5.

\(x^2+2x-8=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x^2+2x+1\right)-9=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-3^2=0\\ \Rightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+4\right)=0\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\\x+4=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) \(\Leftrightarrow3x^3+12x-2x^2-8=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x^3-2x^2\right)+\left(12x-8\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2\left(3x-2\right)+4\left(3x-2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4\right)\left(3x-2\right)=0\)

Vì \(x^2+4>0\Rightarrow3x-2=0\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

c) \(x^2+5x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(x+5\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)

d) \(\Leftrightarrow x^3-27+x\left(4-x^2\right)=36\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3+4x-x^3=63\\ \Leftrightarrow4x=63\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{63}{4}\)

b) 3x(x\(^3\) +12x-2x\(^2\)-8=0

3x(x\(^2\)+4)-2(x\(^2\)+4)=0

(x\(^2\)+4)(3x-2)=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}X^2+4=0\\3X-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) <=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in Z\\X=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
 

a) x\(^2\)+5x=0

x(x+5)=0

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x+5=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
 

c)(x-3)(x\(^2\)+3x+9)+x(x+2)(2-x)=36

x\(^3\)-27+x(x+2)(2-x)=36

4x-27=36

4x=36+27

4x=63

x=\(\dfrac{63}{4}\)

b) \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-x\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)=8\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-1-x\left(x^2-9\right)=8\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-1-x^3+9x=8\)

\(\Rightarrow9x=9\Rightarrow x=1\)

c) \(\left(x^2+2\right)\left(x-4\right)-\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+4x+4\right)=-16\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-4x^2+2x-8-\left(x+2\right)\left(x+2\right)^2=-16\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-4x^2+2x-8-\left(x+2\right)^3=-16\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-4x^2+2x-8-\left(x^3+6x^2+12x+8\right)=-16\)

\(\Rightarrow x^3-4x^2+2x-8-x^3-6x^2-12x-8=-16\)

\(\Rightarrow-10x^2-10x-16=-16\)

\(\Rightarrow10x^2+10x=0\)

\(\Rightarrow10x\left(x+1\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Ta có: \(E=\dfrac{x^2+8}{x^2+2}=\dfrac{x^2+2+6}{x^2+2}=1+\dfrac{6}{x^2+2}\)

Để E đạt GTLN thì \(\dfrac{6}{x^2+2}\) đạt GTLN hay \(x^2+2\) đạt GTNN

mà \(x^2+2\ge2\)\(\Rightarrow\)\((\dfrac{6}{x^2+2})_{max}=\dfrac{6}{2}=3\)

\(\Rightarrow E_{max}=1+3=4\Leftrightarrow x=0\)

Để phương trình có 2 nghiệm phân biệt thì \(\Delta>0\)

hay \(\left(2m+2\right)^2-4\left(2m+2\right)=4m^2+8m+4-8m-8=4m^2-4>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2>4\Leftrightarrow m^2>1\Leftrightarrow\left(m-1\right)\left(m+1\right)>0\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m>1\\m>-1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow m>1}\)

Theo Vi et ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x_1+x_2=-\frac{b}{a}=-2m-2\\x_1x_2=\frac{c}{a}=2m+2\end{cases}}\)

mà \(\left(x_1+x_2\right)^2=\left(2m+2\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x_1^2+x_2^2+2x_1x_2=4m^2+8m+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x_1^2+x_2^2=4m^2+8m+4-2\left(2m+2\right)=4m^2+8m+4-4m-4=4m^2-4m\)

Lại có : \(x_1^2+x_2^2=8\Rightarrow4m^2-4m-8=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left(m^2-m-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(m-2\right)\left(m+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}m=2\left(chon\right)\\m=-1\left(loai\right)\end{cases}}\)

Để pt có hai nghiệm phân biệt thì Δ' > 0

<=> ( m + 1 )² - 2m - 2 > 0

<=> m² + 2m + 1 - 2m - 2 > 0

<=> m² - 1 > 0 => m > 1 hoặc m < -1

Theo hệ thức Viète ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}x_1+x_2=-\frac{b}{a}=-2m-2\\x_1x_2=\frac{c}{a}=2m+2\end{cases}}\)

Khi đó x₁² + x₂² = 8

<=> ( x₁ + x₂ )² - 2x₁x₂ = 8

<=> 4m² + 8m + 4 - 4m - 4 - 8 = 0

<=> 4m² + 4m - 8 = 0

<=> m² + m - 2 = 0

<=> ( m - 1 )( m + 2 ) = 0

<=> m = 1 ( loại ) hoặc m = -2 (tm)

Vậy ...

Đặt \(\frac{x_1-1}{9}=\frac{x_2-2}{8}=.....=\frac{x_8-8}{2}=\frac{x_9-9}{1}=k\)

Áp dụng TC DTSBN ta có :

\(k=\frac{\left(x_1-1\right)+\left(x_2-2\right)+...+\left(x_8-8\right)+\left(x_9-9\right)}{9+8+....+2+1}\)

\(=\frac{\left(x_1+x_2+....+x_9\right)-\left(1+2+....+8+9\right)}{1+2+3+...+8+9}=\frac{900-45}{45}=19\)

\(\Rightarrow\frac{x_1-1}{9}=\frac{x_2-2}{8}=.....=\frac{x_8-8}{2}=\frac{x_9-9}{1}=19\)

\(\Rightarrow x_1=172;x_2=154;x_3=136;x_4=118;x_5=100;x_6=82;x_7=64;x_8=46;x_9=18\)

Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\frac{x_1-1}{9}=\frac{x_2-2}{8}=...=\frac{x_9-9}{1}=\frac{x_1-1+x_2-2+...+x_9-9}{9+8+...+1}\)

\(=\frac{\left[x_1+x_2+...+x_9\right]-\left[1+2+3+...+9\right]}{9+8+...+1}=\frac{900-45}{45}=19\)

Ta có : \(\frac{x_1-1}{9}=19\)=> \(x_1-1=171\)=> \(x_1=172\)

Từ đó ta tìm được : x₂ = 154 , x₃ = 136 , x₄ = 118 , x₅ = 100 , ...

Đến đây tìm được các x còn lại