Lời giải:

Áp dụng TCDTSBN:

$\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}=\frac{b+c+d-a}{a}=\frac{c+d+a-b}{b}=\frac{d+a+b-c}{c}$

$=\frac{a+b+c-d+b+c+d-a+c+d+a-b+d+a+b-c}{d+a+b+c}$

$=\frac{2(a+b+c+d)}{a+b+c+d}=2$
$\Rightarrow a+b+c-d=2d; b+c+d-a=2a; c+d+a-b=2b; d+a+b-c=2c$

$\Rightarrow a+b+c=3d; b+c+d=3a; c+d+a=3b; d+a+b=3c$

Khi đó:

\(P=\frac{a+b+c}{a}.\frac{b+c+d}{b}.\frac{c+d+a}{c}.\frac{a+b+d}{d}\\ =\frac{3d}{a}.\frac{3a}{b}.\frac{3b}{c}.\frac{3c}{d}=81\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ab+ac< ba+bc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac< bc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a< b\)(đúng)

a)Áp dụng

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c+b}{a+b+c}=2\left(1\right)\)

Lại có:\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+a}+\dfrac{c}{c+a+b}=1\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2)=> đpcm

Vì \(\dfrac{a}{b}< 1\Rightarrow a< b\Rightarrow ac< bc\Rightarrow ac+ab< bc+ab\Rightarrow a\left(b+c\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a\left(b+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}< \dfrac{b\left(a+c\right)}{b\left(b+c\right)}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+c}\)a) ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{a+c}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b+c}{a+b+c}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow1< \dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}< 2\)

b)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d+a}+\dfrac{c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d}{a+b+c+d}< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{a+b}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{b +c}{a+b+c+d}+\dfrac{d+c}{a+b+c+d}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{a+b+c+d}< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< \dfrac{2\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}\)\(\Leftrightarrow1< \dfrac{a}{a+b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c+d}+\dfrac{c}{c+d+a}+\dfrac{d}{d+a+b}< 2\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b+c+d}=\dfrac{b}{a+c+d}=\dfrac{c}{a+b+d}=\dfrac{d}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}=\dfrac{1}{3}\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b+c+d=3a\\a+c+d=3b\\a+b+d=3c\\a+b+c=3d\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c+d=2a\\a+b+c+d=2b\\a+b+c+d=2c\\a+b+c+d=2d\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow2a=2b=2c=2d\\ \Rightarrow a=b=c=d\\ \Rightarrow A=\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}+\dfrac{a+a}{a+a}=1+1+1+1=4\)

ab+c+d=ba+c+d=ca+b+d=da+b+c=a+b+c+d3(a+b+c+d)=13⇒⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩b+c+d=3aa+c+d=3ba+b+d=3ca+b+c=3d⇒⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩a+b+c+d=2aa+b+c+d=2ba+b+c+d=2ca+b+c+d=2d⇒2a=2b=2c=2d⇒a=b=c=d⇒A=a+aa+a+a+aa+a+a+aa+a+a+aa+a=1+1+1+1=4

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}>\dfrac{a}{a+b+c+d}\)

Làm tương tự với 3 phân số còn lại và cộng vế với vế

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b+c}< \dfrac{a+d}{a+b+c+d}\)

Làm tương tự với 3 phân số còn lại và cộng vế với vế