Read and put the headings into the correct paragraphs.
(There is one extra)
1. Effect on health of humans
2. Effect on growth of plants
3. Decreased soil fertility

4. Toxic dust
5. Changes in temperature
6. Changes in soil structure

Effects of Soil Pollution

1. : Considering how soil is the reason we are
able to sustain ourselves, the contamination of it has major consequences on our
health. Crops and plants grown on polluted soil absorb much of the pollution and
then pass these on to us. This could explain the sudden surge in small and terminal
illnesses.
2. : The ecological balance of any system gets
affected due to the widespread contamination of the soil. Most plants are unable to
adapt when the chemistry of the soil changes so radically in a short period of time.
Fungi and bacteria found in the soil that bind it together begin to decline, which
creates an additional problem of soil erosion.
3. : The toxic chemicals present in the soil can
decrease soil fertility and therefore decrease in the soil yield. The contaminated soil
is then used to produce fruits and vegetables which lacks quality nutrients and may
contain some poisonous substance to cause serious health problems in people
consuming them.
4. : The emission of toxic and foul gases from
landfills pollutes the environment and causes serious effects on health of some
people. The unpleasant smell causes inconvenience to other people.
5. : The death of many soil organisms (e.g.
earthworms) in the soil can lead to alteration in soil structure. Apart from that, it
could also force other predators to move to other places in search of food.

Read the paragraphs below and the summary which follows

Air pollution is a cause of ill-health in human beings. In a lot of countries there are laws limiting the amount of smoke which factories can produce. Although there isn’t enuogh information on the effects of smoke in the atmosphere, doctors have proved that air pollution causes lung diseases.

The gases from the exhausts of cars have also increased air pollution in most cities. The lead in petrol produces a poisonous gas which often collects in busy streets surrounded by high buildings. Children who live in areas where there is a lot of lead in the atmosphere can’t think as quickly as other children and are clumsy when they use their hands.

There are other long-term effects of pollution. If the gases in the atmosphere continue to increase , the earth’s climate may become warmer. A lot of the ice near the Poles ma melt and may cause serious floods.

* Complete the summary by writing the correct word in each blank (write one word only.)

Air ___________ (52) can make people ___________ (53). Consequently, some countries pass ____________ (54) to control the quantity of ___________ (55) in the air. Air pollution causes particular damage to the body by harming the  ___________ (56). _____________ (57) should not be used in petrol because it is bad for children’s _____________ (58) and makes them clumsy in using their hands. Poisonous gas from ____________ (59) collects in those parts of cities where there are tall buildings. Pollution can also have an influence on the earth’s ____________ (60). The ice may melt near the North and South Poles, resulting in very bad ____________ (61).

Read the text. Match the headings (1-3) with the paragraphs (A-C).

In most cultures, there is a generation gap between parents and their children. There are many reasons for this gap. Below are three of them.

A. _______________________________________

As each generation is strongly influenced by changes in society, parents and children may see the world differently. In addition, different lifestyles make it difficult for parents and their children to fully understand each other's way of thinking. Many adult children even cut all ties with their parents.

B. _______________________________________

Busy work and school schedules often prevent parents and children from spending time together. After along and stressful day at work, parents come home, often feeling exhausted, and have little time to spend with their children. This leads to a lack of communication and widens the generation gap.

C. _______________________________________

Many parents keep comparing their children to other children, or even to how they behaved as children. They think it is good for their children to see these good examples and try to improve. However, this only makes the gap wider and causes their children to lose confidence in themselves. Some children may even start hating those people that they are compared to.

Use the correct form of the words given in brackets to complete the passage.                    

A recent report on the eating habits of children suggests that children from the age of three to sixteen show a strong (1.like) ..........  for vegetables and only eat (2.suffice) ...........  amounts of fruit and vegetables at Christmas. One researcher says Nora eating (3.proper) ............ may have serious conequences on a child's (4.speak) ............           

One (5.solve) ........... is to give children extra      iron and vitamins but in the long run it is more (6.effect) ......... if children get right ingredients in their (7.day) .......... diet 

(8. Fortunate) ........... , parents choose food for their children that is quick and (9.convenience) ........... to prepare, rather than food which is fresh and (10.health) ......... . Consequently, it is difficult later to get children to change their habits 

Read the text about staying young. Match the headings (A-G) with the paragraphs (1-5). There are two extra headings.

1 _______ As people grow older, they often think back to the days of their youth. They remember the great friends of those days, great times together, and how bright the future looked. Of course, not everything was perfect - but it can look that way as we get older. And this can make people feel pessimistic and bitter.

2_______It doesn't need to be that way. There are many secrets to staying young in spirit well into old age. Why put up with feeling miserable when you can be enthusiastic instead? Here are some tips to keep you young at heart as you grow older.

3_______Relationships are extremely important. Family gives you comfort and support, and catching up with old friends can help older people to feel young. Making new friends is important, too but make sure they are optimistic, enthusiastic people.

4_______Bad things happen to all of us. We split up with a boyfriend or girlfriend, and later we may have to do a boring job for years. But don't think too much about negative things. Deal with them, and get on with your life.

5. _______Always keep special things around you, like family photos or favourite possessions - and be grateful that you can enjoy them. Thank your loved ones daily for sharing your life, too. When you see the pleasure on their faces, you will never feel old - even in your eighties!

A. The importance of people in your life

B. Ageing can be a positive experience

C. You can choose to stay young

D. Appreciate the things and people in your life

E. Looking back can make old people feel bad

F. Getting over the negatives and moving on

G. Even pessimists can have friends

 I. Use the correct form of the words given in brackets to complete the passage.

                                  Eat more fruit and vegetables! 

A recent report on the eating habits of children suggests that children from age of three to sixteen show a strong (1.like)............  for vegetables and only eat (2.suffice)................. of fruite and vegetables at Christmas. One researcher says not eatinh (3. propers) ...............may have serious consequences on a child's (4. speak)............. and physical development, resulting in poorer performance at school.

 One (5. solve) ............ is to give children extra iron and vitamins but in the long run it is more (6. effect)............ if children get right ingredients in their (7. day)............ diet .

 (8. Fortunate) ............... , parents choose food for their children that is quick and (9. convenience) ........... to prepare, rather than food which is fresh and (10. health)................ Consequently, it is difficult later to get children to change their habits.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks from 23 to 27.

The warming of the Earth is caused by exhaust gas from automobile engines, fatories and power (23)_________. Carbon dioxide goes up into the atmosphere, and it form a kind of screen that keeps or allows the sunshine in but stop the Earth heart (24) _________getting out. It works like a greenhouse, that’s why we call (25) _________the Green House effect. Because of this effect, the Earth is getting warmer all the time. This (26) _________in temperature will cause big changes to the world’s climate. The sea level will increase as the ice (27) _________the poles will melt.

Điền vào ô trống 25

A. is 

B. be 

C. it 

D. them