\(A=1+3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{2018}+3^{2019}\)

\(=\left(1+3\right)+3^2\left(1+3\right)+...+3^{2018}\left(1+3\right)\)

\(=\left(1+3\right)\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2018}\right)\)

\(=4\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2018}\right)\) ⋮4

⇒A⋮4

\(1,Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)+\left(3^3+3^4+3^5\right)+...+\left(3^{96}+3^{97}+3^{98}\right)\\ Y=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)\\ Y=13\left(1+3^3+...+3^{96}\right)⋮13\\ 2,A=\left(1+3\right)+\left(3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{2018}+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=\left(1+3\right)\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)\\ A=4\left(1+3^2+...+3^{2019}\right)⋮4\\ 3,\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+4\right)=60\Leftrightarrow x+4=30\Leftrightarrow x=36\)

A=3²⁰¹⁹+1+3+3²+3³+...+3²⁰¹⁸

⇒A=1+3+3²+...+3²⁰¹⁸+3²⁰¹⁹ 

⇒3A=3×(1+3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2019)

3A=3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2020

3A-A=(3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2020) -(1+3+3^2+....+3^2019)

2A= 3^2020-1

⇒ A =( 3^2020-1):2

A=3²⁰¹⁹+1+3+3²+3³+...+3²⁰¹⁸

⇒A=1+3+3²+...+3²⁰¹⁸+3²⁰¹⁹ 

⇒3A=3×(1+3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2019)

⇒3A=3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2020

⇒3A-A=(3+3^2+3^3+....+3^2020) -(1+3+3^2+....+3^2019)

⇒2A= 3^2020-1

⇒ A =( 3^2020-1):2

a) P = 1 + 3 + 3² + ... + 3¹⁰¹

= (1 + 3 + 3²) + (3³ + 3⁴ + 3⁵) + ... + (3⁹⁹ + 3¹⁰⁰ + 3¹⁰¹)

= 13 + 3³.(1 + 3 + 3²) + ... + 3⁹⁹.(1 + 3 + 3²)

= 13 + 3³.13 + ... + 3⁹⁹.13

= 13.(1 + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁹) ⋮ 13

Vậy P ⋮ 13

b) B = 1 + 2² + 2⁴ + ... + 2²⁰²⁰

= (1 + 2² + 2⁴) + (2⁶ + 2⁸ + 2¹⁰) + ... + (2²⁰¹⁶ + 2²⁰¹⁸ + 2²⁰²⁰)

= 21 + 2⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴) + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.(1 + 2² + 2⁴)

= 21 + 2⁶.21 + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶.21

= 21.(1 + 2⁶ + ... + 2²⁰¹⁶) ⋮ 21

Vậy B ⋮ 21

c) A = 2 + 2² + 2³ + ... + 2²⁰

= (2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + (2⁵ + 2⁶ + 2⁷ + 2⁸) + ... + (2¹⁷ + 2¹⁸ + 2¹⁹ + 2²⁰)

= 30 + 2⁴.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴) + ... + 2¹⁶.(2 + 2² + 2³ + 2⁴)

= 30 + 2⁴.30 + ... + 2¹⁶.30

= 30.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶)

= 5.6.(1 + 2⁴ + ... + 2¹⁶) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

d) A = 1 + 4 + 4² + ... + 4⁹⁸

= (1 + 4 + 4²) + (4³ + 4⁴ + 4⁵) + ... + (4⁹⁷ + 4⁹⁸ + 4⁹⁹)

= 21 + 4³.(1 + 4 + 4²) + ... + 4⁹⁷.(1 + 4 + 4²)

= 21 + 4³.21 + ... + 4⁹⁷.21

= 21.(1 + 4³ + ... + 4⁹⁷) ⋮ 21

Vậy A ⋮ 21

e) A = 11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + ... + 11 + 1

= (11⁹ + 11⁸ + 11⁷ + 11⁶ + 11⁵) + (11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1)

= 11⁵.(11⁴ + 11³ + 11² + 11 + 1) + 16105

= 11⁵.16105 + 16105

= 16105.(11⁵ + 1)

= 5.3221.(11⁵ + 1) ⋮ 5

Vậy A ⋮ 5

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\(2,\\ 3^{n-3}+2^{n-3}+3^{n+1}+2^{n+2}\\ =3^{n-3}\left(1+3^4\right)+2^{n-3}\left(1+2^5\right)\\ =3^{n-3}\cdot82+2^{n-3}\cdot33\)

Vì \(3^{n-3}\cdot82⋮2;⋮3\) nên \(3^{n-3}\cdot82⋮6\)

\(2^{n-3}\cdot33⋮2;⋮3\) nên \(2^{n-3}\cdot33⋮6\)

Do đó tổng trên chia hết cho 6 với mọi \(n\in N\)

Ghi lại đề: \(A=3+3^2+...+3^{2020}\)

\(\Rightarrow A=\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4\right)+...+\left(3^{2017}+3^{2018}+3^{2019}+3^{2020}\right)\\ A=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{2017}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\left(3+...+3^{2017}\right)\\ A=40\left(3+...+3^{2017}\right)⋮10\left(40⋮10\right)\)

Lời giải:
a. Ta thấy:

$3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\vdots 3$

$1\not\vdots 3$

$\Rightarrow A=1+3+3^2+...+3^{99}\not\vdots 3$

$\Rightarrow A\not\vdots 9$

b.

$A=(5+5^2)+(5^3+5^4)+...+(5^{39}+5^{40})$

$=5(1+5)+5^3(1+5)+...+5^{39}(1+5)$

$=5.6+5^3.6+....+5^{39}.6$

$=6(5+5^3+...+5^{39})$

$=2.3.(5+5^3+...+5^{39})$

$\Rightarrow A\vdots 2$ và $A\vdots 3$

`#3107.101107`

\(A = 1 + 3 + 3^2 + 3^3 + ... + 3^{98} + 3^{99}\)

\(A = (1 + 3) + (3^2 + 3^3) + ... + (3^{98} + 3^{99})\)

\(A = (1 + 3) + 3^2(1 + 3) + ... + 3^{98}(1 + 3)\)

\(A = (1 + 3)(1 + 3^2 + ... + 3^{98})\)

\(A = 4(1 + 3^2 + ... + 3^{98})\)

Vì \(4(1 + 3^2 + ... + 3^{98}) \) \(\vdots\) \(4\)

`\Rightarrow A \vdots 4`

Vậy, `A \vdots 4` (đpcm).

A = 1 + 3 + 3² + 3³ + ... + 3⁹⁸ + 3⁹⁹

A = (1 + 3) + (3² + 3³) + ... + (3⁹⁸ + 3⁹⁹)

A = 1. (1 + 3) + 3². (1 + 3) + ... + 3⁹⁸. (1 + 3)

A = 1.4 + 3².4 + ... + 3⁹⁸.4

A = 4. (1 + 3² + ... + 3⁹⁸)

⇒ A ⋮ 4