ChươngII *Dạng toán rútg gọn phân thức
Bài 1.Rút gọn phân thức
a. \(\dfrac{3x\left(1-x\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}=\dfrac{-3x\left(x-1\right)}{2\left(x-1\right)}=-\dfrac{3x}{2}\)
b.\(\dfrac{6x^2y^2}{8xy^5}=\dfrac{3x.2xy^2}{4y^3.2xy^2}=\dfrac{3x}{4y^3}\)
c.\(\dfrac{23\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)^2}{6\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\dfrac{23\left(x-z\right)}{6}\)
Bài 2 rút gọn các phân thức sau:
a.\(\dfrac{x^2-16}{4x-x^2}=\dfrac{\left(x-4\right)\left(x+4\right)}{-x\left(x-4\right)}=-\dfrac{x+4}{x}\)(x khác 0,x khác 4)
b.\(\dfrac{x^2+4x+3}{2x+6}=\dfrac{x^2+3x+x+3}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+3\right)\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x+3\right)}=\dfrac{x+1}{2}\)
( x \(\ne-3\) )
c.\(\dfrac{15x\left(x+y\right)^3}{5y\left(x+y\right)^2}=\dfrac{3x\left(x+y\right)}{y}\) (y+(x+y) khác 0)
d. \(\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)-3\left(y-x\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{5\left(x-y\right)+3\left(x-y\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{8\left(x-y\right)}{10\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4}{5}\)
(x khác y)
e.\(\dfrac{2x+2y+5x+5y}{2x+2y-5x-5y}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y\right)+5\left(x+y\right)}{2\left(x+y\right)-5\left(x+y\right)}=\dfrac{7\left(x+y\right)}{-3\left(x+y\right)}=-\dfrac{7}{3}\)
(x khác -y)
f.\(\dfrac{x^2-xy}{3xy-3y^2}=\dfrac{x\left(x-y\right)}{3y\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{x}{3y}\)(x khác y,y khác 0)
g.\(\dfrac{2ax^2-4ax+2a}{5b-5bx^2}=\dfrac{2a\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{-5b\left(x^2-1\right)}=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)^2}{-5b\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2a\left(x-1\right)}{-5b\left(x+1\right)}\)
\ (b khác 0,x khác +-1)
h. \(\dfrac{4x^2-4xy}{5x^3-5x^2y}=\dfrac{4x\left(x-y\right)}{5x^2\left(x-y\right)}=\dfrac{4x}{5x^2}\)
(x khác 0,x khác y)
i.\(\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x+y-z\right)}{x+y+z}=x+y-z\)
(x+y+z khác 0)
k.\(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}=\dfrac{\left(x^3\right)^2+2x^3y^3+\left(y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)}=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)
(x khác 0,x khác +-y)
Bài 4 : Rút gọn các phân thức sau :
\(a,\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{a+b+c}=a+b-c\)
\(b,\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+c-b\right)}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{a+c-b}\)
c,\(\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2x^3-x^2-15x\right)-\left(6x^2-3x-45\right)}{\left(3x^3-10x^2+3x\right)-\left(9x^2-30x+9\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x\left(2x^2-x-15\right)-3\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{x\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)-3\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2+5x-6x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-9x-x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left[x\left(2x+5\right)-3\left(2x+5\right)\right]}{\left(x-3\right)\left[3x\left(x-3\right)-\left(x-3\right)\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)^2\left(2x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)^2\left(3x-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+5}{3x-1}\)
Bài 1 : rút gọn các phân thức sau :
a)\(\frac{7x-14y}{x^2-4y^2}\) b)\(\frac{x^3+8}{x^4-25}:\frac{x^2-2x+4}{x^2+5}\) c)\(\frac{x^2+7x}{x^2-9}.\frac{x^2+6x+9}{x^2-49}\)
Bài 2: Thực hiện các phép phép tính sau :
a)\(\frac{3x+5}{4x^3y}-\frac{5-15x}{4x^3y}\) b) \(\frac{4x+7}{2x+2}-\frac{3x+6}{2x+2}\) c) \(\frac{18}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-9\right)}-\frac{3}{x^2-6x+9}-\frac{x}{x^2-9}\)
Rút gọn các phân thức sau:
a) \(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}\)
b) \(\dfrac{\left(2x^2+2x\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x^3-4x\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
c) \(\dfrac{x^3-x^2y+xy^2}{x^3+y^3}\)
d) \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}\)
e) \(\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}\)
a) \(\dfrac{x^6+2x^3y^3+y^6}{x^7-xy^6}=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^6-y^6\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x^3+y^3\right)^2}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)\left(x^3+y^3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^3+y^3}{x\left(x^3-y^3\right)}\)
b) \(\dfrac{\left(2x^2+2x\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{\left(x^3-4x\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{x\left(x^2-4\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)^2}{x\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-2\right)}{x+2}\)
c) \(\dfrac{x^3-x^2y+xy^2}{x^3+y^3}=\dfrac{x\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{x+y}\)
d) \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}\)
e) \(\dfrac{2x^3-7x^2-12x+45}{3x^3-19x^2+33x-9}=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x^2-x-15\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x^2-10x+3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x^2-x-15}{3x^2-10x+3}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-3\right)\left(2x+5\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(3x-1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2x+5}{3x-1}\)
bài 1: chứng minh
nếu (a^2+b^2).(x^2+y^2)=(ax+by)^2 với mọi x,y khác 0 thì a/x=b/y
bài 2:rút gọn các biểu thức :
a)A=2x(2x-1)^2-3x(x+3)(x-3)-4x(x+1)^2
b)B=(a-b+c)^2-(b-c)^2+2ab-2ac
c)C=(3x+1)^2-2(3x+1)(3x+5)+(3x+5)^2
d)D=(a+b-c^2+(a-b+c)^2-2(b-c)^2
Bài 1 :
(a^2+b^2)(x^2+y^2)=(ax+by)^2
<=> a^2x^2 + a^2y^2 + b^2x^2 + b^2y^2 = a^2x^2 + 2abxy + b^2y^2
<=> a^2y^2 + b^2x^2 = 2abxy
<=> a^2y^2 + b^2x^2 - 2abxy = 0
<=> (ay - bx)^2 = 0
=> ay - bx = 0
=> ay = bx
=> a/x = b/y ( x,y khác 0)
1 )cho biểu thức \(A=\frac{x^2-6x+9}{2x-6}\)
c) tìm giá trị của biến x để biểu thức A có giá trị = 1
2 ) rút gọn biểu thức
a) \(\left(\frac{x^2}{x^3-4}+\frac{6}{6-3x}+\frac{1}{x+2}\right):x-2+\frac{10-x^2}{x+2}\)
b) \(\frac{4x^2-2x+7}{2x-1}\)
c) \(\frac{3x^2-x+3}{3x+2}\)
d) \(\frac{5x+19^2}{x^2+3}\)
help me giúp tớ với tớ cần gấp sáng mai học rồi giải giùm tớ mấy câu này với
1)
ĐKXĐ: x\(\ne\)3
ta có :
\(\frac{x^2-6x+9}{2x-6}=\frac{\left(x-3\right)^2}{2\left(x-3\right)}=\frac{x-3}{2}\)
để biểu thức A có giá trị = 1
thì :\(\frac{x-3}{2}\)=1
=>x-3 =2
=>x=5(thoả mãn điều kiện xác định)
vậy để biểu thức A có giá trị = 1 thì x=5
1)
\(A=\frac{x^2-6x+9}{2x-6}\)
A xác định
\(\Leftrightarrow2x-6\ne0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x\ne6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\ne3\)
Để A = 1
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9=2x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x-2x=-6-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x=-15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\) (loại vì không thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ)
6,Thực hiện phép tính
1,\(\frac{2a^3-2b^3}{3a+3b}.\frac{6a+6b}{a^2-2ab+b^2}\)
2,\(\frac{a^2+ab}{b-a}:\frac{a+b}{2a^2-2b^2}\)
3,\(\frac{x+y}{y-x}:\frac{x^2+xy}{3x^2-3y^2}\)
4,\(\frac{1-4x^2}{x^2+4x}:\frac{2-4x}{3x}\)
5,\(\frac{5x-15}{4x+4}:\frac{x^2-9}{x^2+2x+1}\)
6,\(\frac{6x+48}{7x-7}:\frac{x^2-64}{x^2-2x+1}\)
1.Rút gọn phân thức
a)2x-6/x^2-x-6
b) 6x^2-x-2/4x^2-1
c) x^3-x^2+3x-3/x^3+2x^2+3x+6
d) a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac/a^2+b^2-c^2+2ac
e)(n+2)! + (n+1)!/(n+3)! -(n+2)!
g) n!/n!+(n+1)!
Ai làm giúp tớ đi chiều phải nộp rồi
a) \(\dfrac{2x-6}{x^2-x-6}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{x^2-3x+2x-6}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{x\left(x-3\right)+2\left(x-3\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{x+2}\)
b) \(\dfrac{6x^2-x-2}{4x^2-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{6x^2+3x-4x-2}{\left(2x\right)^2-1^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x\left(2x+1\right)-2\left(2x+1\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)\left(3x-2\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{3x-2}{2x-1}\)
\(c,\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{x^3+2x^2+3x+6}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)}{x^2\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x^2+3\right)}=\dfrac{x-1}{x+2}\)
d,Sửa đề :
\(\dfrac{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a^2+2ac+c^2\right)-b^2}{\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right)-c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(a-b+c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}{\left(a+b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a-b+c}{a+b-c}\)
e,g Đề ko rõ
\(\dfrac{2x-6}{x^2-x-6}=\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x^2+2x\right)-\left(3x+6\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{x\left(x+2\right)-3\left(x+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{2\left(x-3\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-3\right)}=\dfrac{2}{x+2}\)
b.
\(\dfrac{6x^2-x-2}{4x^2-1}\\ =\dfrac{\left(6x^2+3x\right)-\left(4x+2\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{3x\left(2x+1\right)-2\left(2x+1\right)}{\left(2x-1\right)\left(2x+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{3x-2}{2x-1}\)
c.
\(\dfrac{x^3-x^2+3x-3}{x^3+2x^2+3x+6}\\ =\dfrac{x^2\left(x-1\right)+3\left(x-1\right)}{x^2\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)}\\ =\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\)
Bài 10. Rút gọn rồi tính giá trị các biểu thức
a) \(\frac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}\)với a=4, b=-5, c=6
b) \(\frac{16x^2-40xy}{8x^2-24xy}\)với \(\frac{x}{y}\)=\(\frac{10}{3}\)
c) \(\frac{\frac{x^2+xy+y^2}{x+y}-\frac{x^2-xy+y^2}{x-y}}{x-y-\frac{x^2}{x+y}}\)với x=9, y=10
a)\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2-c^2+2ab}{a^2-b^2+c^2+2ac}=\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2-c^2}{\left(a+c\right)^2-b^2}=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b-c\right)}{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a-b+c\right)}=\dfrac{a+b-c}{a-b+c}\)Giá trị của biểu thức trên tại \(a=4;b=-5;c=6\) là:
\(\dfrac{4-5-6}{4-\left(-5\right)+6}=-\dfrac{7}{15}\)
b: \(=\dfrac{8x\left(2x-5y\right)}{8x\left(x-3y\right)}=\dfrac{2x-5y}{x-3y}\)
Đặt x/10=y/3=k
=>x=10k; y=3k
\(A=\dfrac{2\cdot10k-5\cdot3k}{10k-3\cdot3k}=\dfrac{5k}{k}=5\)
c: \(C=\left(\dfrac{x^3-y^3-x^3-y^3}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}\right):\dfrac{x^2-y^2-x^2}{x+y}\)
\(=\dfrac{-2y^3}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y\right)}\cdot\dfrac{x+y}{-y^2}=\dfrac{2y}{x-y}\)
\(=\dfrac{20}{9-10}=-20\)
Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) 2x(2x-1)^2 - 3x(x+3)(x-3) - 4x(x+1)^2
b) (a-b+c)^2 - (b-c)^2 + 2ab-2ac
c) (3x+1)^2 - 2(3x+1)(3x+5) + (3x+5)^2
d) (3+1)(3^2+1)(3^4+1)(3^8+1)(3^16+1)(3^32+1)
e) (a+b-c)^2 + (a-b+c)^2 - 2(b-c)^2
g) (a+b+c)^2 + (a-b-c)^2 + (b-c-a)^2 + (c-a-b)^2
h) (a+b+c+d)^2 + (a+b-c-d)^2 + (a+c-b-d)^2 + (a+d-b-c)^2
