a) \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KClO₃ --t^o--> 2KCl + 3O₂

              0,2<-------------------0,3

=> \(m_{KClO_3}=0,2.122,5=24,5\left(g\right)\)

b) \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{490}{122,5}=4\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2KClO₃ --t^o--> 2KCl + 3O₂

                4-------------->4---->6

=> \(m_{KCl}=4.74,5=298\left(g\right)\)

=> \(m_{O_2}=6.32=192\left(g\right)\)

2KClO₃ \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2KCl + 3O₂

a, \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2mol\\ m_{KClO_3}=0,2.122,5=24,5g\)

b, \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{490}{122,5}=4mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{KCl}=4.74,5=298g\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4.3}{2}=6mol\\ m_{O_2}=6.32=192g\)

a) 2KClO₃ (7/75 mol) \(\underrightarrow{t^o}\) 2KCl (7/75 mol) + 3O₂\(\uparrow\) (0,14 mol).

b) Số mol khí oxi là 4,48/32=0,14 (mol).

Khối lượng kali clorat cần dùng là 7/75.122,5=343/30 (g).

Khối lượng chất rắn thu được là 7/75.74,5=1043/150 (g).

\(a,PTHH:2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o,MnO_2}2KCl+3O_2\uparrow\\ b,n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ Theo.pt:n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,2=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\\ m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{15}.122,5=\dfrac{49}{3}\left(g\right)\)

\(a.\)

\(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{3.675}{122.5}=0.03\left(mol\right)\)

\(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^0}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(0.03........................0.045\)

\(V_{O_2}=0.045\cdot22.4=1.008\left(l\right)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{11.2}{22.4}=0.5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0.5\cdot2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\cdot122.5=40.83\left(g\right)\)

\(2KClO_3\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{0,25.2}{3}\approx0,17\left(mol\right)\)

Vậy muốn điều chế 5,6 lít O₂ cần dùng số gam Kali clorat:

\(m_{KClO_3}=n_{KClO_3}.M_{KClO_3}=0,17.122,5=20,825g\)

             \(n_{O2}\)=\(\dfrac{V}{22,4}\)=\(\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\)=0,25 (mol)

     PT : 2KClO3 →^to  2KCl + 3O2

số mol:      \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)      ←    \(\dfrac{1}{6}\)      ← 0,25

⇒ m_KClO3 = n . M = \(\dfrac{1}{6}\) . 122,5 ∼_∼ 20,41(g)

\(2KClO_3 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2KCl + 3O_2\\ 2KMnO_4 \xrightarrow{t^o} K_2MnO_4 + MnO_2 + O_2\)

Theo PTHH :

\(n_{O_2} = \dfrac{3}{2}n_{KClO_3} + \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}\\ \Leftrightarrow \dfrac{11,2}{22,4} = \dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{24,5}{122,5} + \dfrac{1}{2}n_{KMnO_4}\\ \Leftrightarrow n_{KMnO_4} = 0,4(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m = 0,4.158 = 63,2(gam)\)

\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(2KClO_3\underrightarrow{t^o}2KCl+3O_2\)

Theo PT: \(n_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{6}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{KClO_3}=\dfrac{1}{6}.122,5=\dfrac{245}{12}\left(g\right)\)

PTHH: \(3Fe+2O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)

Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{2,32}{232}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=0,03\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,03\cdot56=1,68\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2}=0,02\cdot22,4=0,448\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

câu 5

nKMnO4=\(\dfrac{31,6.98\%}{158}\)=0,196(mol)

2KMnO4−to→K2MnO4+MnO2+O2

nO2(lt)=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\)nKMnO4=0,098(mol)

Vìhaohụt5%

⇒VO2(tt)=0,098.95%.22,4=2,08544(l)

bài 6

2KClO3-to>2KCl+3O2

0,1----------------------0,15

n O2=\(\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}\)=0,15 mol

H=10%

=>m KClO3=0,1.122,5.\(\dfrac{110}{100}\)=13,475g

4Al+3O2-to>2Al2O3

0,2----0,15------0,1 mol

n Al=\(\dfrac{5,4}{27}\)=0,2 mol

=>VO2=0.15,22.4=3,36l

b)2KMnO4-to>K2MnO4+MnO2+O2

  0,3-----------------------------------0,15

Hao hụt 10%

=>m KMNO4=0,3.158.\(\dfrac{110}{100}\)=52,14g