2.1

a.

\(\Leftrightarrow sinx-cosx=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=\dfrac{\pi}{6}+k2\pi\\x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}=\dfrac{5\pi}{6}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5\pi}{12}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{13\pi}{12}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

b.

\(cosx-\sqrt{3}sinx=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}cosx-\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}sinx=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\\x+\dfrac{\pi}{3}=-\dfrac{\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=-\dfrac{2\pi}{3}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

c.

\(\sqrt{3}sin\dfrac{x}{3}+cos\dfrac{x}{2}=\sqrt{2}\)

Câu này đề đúng không nhỉ? Nhìn thấy có vẻ không đúng lắm

d.

\(cosx-sinx=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)=\dfrac{\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\\x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}=-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=-\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

Lời giải:
PT $\Leftrightarrow (2\cos x-1)(2\sin x+\cos x)=2\sin x\cos x-\sin x$

$\Leftrightarrow (2\cos x-1)(2\sin x+\cos x)=\sin x(2\cos x-1)$

$\Leftrightarrow (2\cos x-1)(\sin x+\cos x)=0$

$\Rightarrow 2\cos x=1$ hoặc $\sin x=-\cos x=\cos (\pi -x)=\sin (x-\frac{\pi}{2})$

Đến đây thì đơn giản rồi.

1.

a, Phương trình có nghiệm khi: 

\(\left(m+2\right)^2+m^2\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+4m+4+m^2\ge4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2m^2+4m\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m\ge0\\m\le-2\end{matrix}\right.\)

b, Phương trình có nghiệm khi:

\(m^2+\left(m-1\right)^2\ge\left(2m+1\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2m^2+6m\le0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-3\le m\le0\)

2.

a, Phương trình vô nghiệm khi:

\(\left(2m-1\right)^2+\left(m-1\right)^2< \left(m-3\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2-4m+1+m^2-2m+1< m^2-6m+9\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4m^2-7< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-\dfrac{\sqrt{7}}{2}< m< \dfrac{\sqrt{7}}{2}\)

b, \(2sinx+cosx=m\left(sinx-2cosx+3\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m-2\right)sinx-\left(2m+1\right)cosx=-3m\)

 Phương trình vô nghiệm khi:

\(\left(m-2\right)^2+\left(2m+1\right)^2< 9m^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2-4m+4+4m^2+4m+1< 9m^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2-1>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}m>1\\m< -1\end{matrix}\right.\)

1.

c, \(\left(m+2\right)sin2x+mcos^2x=m-2+msin^2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+2\right)sin2x+m\left(cos^2x-sin^2x\right)=m-2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(m+2\right)sin2x+mcos2x=m-2\)

Phương trình vô nghiệm khi:

\(\left(m+2\right)^2+m^2< \left(m-2\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+4m+4+m^2< m^2-4m+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+8m< 0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-8\le m\le0\)

Đk: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne\dfrac{\pi}{2}+m2\pi\\x\ne\dfrac{\pi}{4}+n\pi\end{matrix}\right.\left(m,n\in Z\right)\)

PT \(\Leftrightarrow1=2\sqrt{2}sinx.cosx\left(sinx-cosx\right)+2cos^2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}.2sinx.cosx\left(sinx-cosx\right)+\left(2cos^2x-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sin2x\left(sinx-cosx\right)+\left(cosx-sinx\right)\left(cosx+sinx\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sin2x=sinx+cosx\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2}sin2x=\sqrt{2}sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=x+\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\\2x=\pi-x-\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k2\pi\\x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+k\dfrac{2\pi}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\left(k\in Z\right)\)

1.

\(2sin\left(x+\dfrac{\pi}{6}\right)+sinx+2cosx=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}sinx+cosx+sinx+2cosx=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)sinx+3cosx=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}\left[\dfrac{\sqrt{3}+1}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}sinx+\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}cosx\right]=3\)

Đặt \(\alpha=arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}sin\left(x+\alpha\right)=3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow sin\left(x+\alpha\right)=\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\alpha=arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\\x+\alpha=\pi-arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=k2\pi\\x=\pi-2arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm:

\(x=k2\pi;x=\pi-2arcsin\dfrac{3}{\sqrt{13+2\sqrt{3}}}+k2\pi\)

2.

\(\left(sin2x+cos2x\right)cosx+2cos2x-sinx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2sinx.cos^2x+cos2x.cosx+2cos2x-sinx=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2cos^2x-1\right)sinx+cos2x.cosx+2cos2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x.sinx+cos2x.cosx+2cos2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x.\left(sinx+cosx+2\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow cos2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\dfrac{\pi}{2}+k\pi\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)

Vậy phương trình đã cho có nghiệm \(x=\dfrac{\pi}{4}+\dfrac{k\pi}{2}\)