a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{8,64}{27}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{365.10\%}{36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,32}{2}< \dfrac{1}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư

PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl₃ + 3H₂

         0,32-->0,96---->0,32--->0,48

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,48.22,4=10,752\left(l\right)\)

b) Trong Y chứa AlCl₃ và HCl dư

\(m_{AlCl_3}=0,32.133,5=42,72\left(g\right)\)

c) m_{dd sau pư} = 8,64 + 365 - 0,48.2 = 372,68 (g)

 \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{42,72}{372,68}.100\%=11,463\%\\C\%\left(HCldư\right)=\dfrac{\left(1-0,96\right).36,5}{372,68}.100\%=0,392\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=200.14,6\%=29,2\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{29,2}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)

PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\), ta được HCl dư.

Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

b, \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)

c, \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{Zn}=0,6\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = 19,5 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 218,9 (g)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{218,9}.100\%\approx3,33\%\\C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{218,9}.100\%\approx18,64\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(a)n_{Zn}=\dfrac{19,5}{65}=0,3mol\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6}{100.36,5}=0,8mol\\ Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,3}{1}< \dfrac{0,8}{2}\Rightarrow HCl.dư\\ n_{H_2}=n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=0,3mol\\ V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72l\\ b)m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8g\\ c)n_{HCl.pư}=0,3.2=0,6mol\\ C_{\%ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=18,64\%\\ C_{\%HCl.dư}=\dfrac{\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5}{200+19,5-0,3.2}\cdot100=3,33\%\)

nZn= 19,5/65=0,3(mol); nFe2O3=19,2/160=0,12(mol)

PTHH: Zn + 2 HCl -> ZnCl2 + H2

Fe2O3 + 3 H2 -to-> 2 Fe +3 H2O

nH2=nZnCl2= nZn=0,3(mol) => V(H2,đktc)=0,3.22,4= 6,72(l)

b) nHCl= 2.0,3=0,6(mol) => mHCl=0,6.36,5=21,9(g)

=>mddHCl=(21,9.100)/20=109,5(g)

=>m=109,5(g)

c) mH2=0,3.2=0,6(mol)

mddZnCl2=19,5+109,5 - 0,6= 128,4(g)

mZnCl2=0,3. 136= 40,8(g)

=>C%ddZnCl2= (40,8/128,4).100=31,776%

d) Ta có: 0,3/3 < 0,12/1

=> H2 hết, Fe2O3 dư, tính theo nH2

=> nFe= 2/3. nH2= 2/3. 0,3= 0,2(mol)

=>mFe=0,2.56=11,2(g)

a, n_Zn = 19,5/65=0,3 (mol)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl → ZnCl₂ + H₂ 

Mol:    0,3     0,15        0,3      0,3

=> \(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)

b,m_HCl=0,15.36,5=5,475 (g)

=> m=m_ddHCl=5,475:20%=27,375 (g)

c,m_{dd sau pứ} =19,5+27,375=46,875 (g)

\(m_{ZnCl_2}=0,3.136=40,8\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{40,8}{46,875}.100\%=87,04\%\)

d,\(n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{19,2}{160}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Fe₂O₃ + 3H₂ → 2Fe + 3H₂O

Mol:                     0,3       0,2    

 Tỉ lệ: 0,12/1>0,3/3 ⇒ Fe₂O₃ dư,H₂ pứ hết

=> m_Fe=0,2.56=11,2 (g)

1) \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{80.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,32\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl₂ + H₂

          0,16<-0,32--->0,16--->0,16

a = 0,16.65 = 10,4 (g)

2) V = 0,16.22,4 = 3,584 (l)

3) m_{dd sau pư} = 10,4 + 80 - 0,16.2 = 90,08 (g)

\(C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.136}{90,08}.100\%=24,156\%\)

a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)

\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_1=m_{Zn}=0,04.65=2,6\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,08.36,5=2,92\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_2=m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{2,92}{14,6\%}=20\left(g\right)\)

b, Ta có: m _{dd sau pư} = m_Zn + m _{dd HCl} - m_H2 = 22,52 (g)

\(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow C\%_{ZnCl_2}=\dfrac{0,04.136}{22,52}.100\%\approx24,16\%\)

a)

$2K + 2H_2O \to 2KOH + H_2$
$BaO + H_2O \to Ba(OH)_2$
Theo PTHH : 

$n_K = 2n_{H_2} = 0,2(mol)$
$\%m_K = \dfrac{0,2.39}{23,1}.100\% = 33,77\%$

$\%m_{BaO} = 100\%- 33,77\% = 66,23\%$

b)

$n_{BaO} = \dfrac{23,1 - 0,2.39}{153} = 0,1(mol)$

$m_{dd} = 23,1 + 177,1 - 0,1.2 = 200(gam)$
$C\%_{KOH} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{200}.100\% = 5,6\%$

$C\%_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{0,1.171}{200}.100\% = 8,55\%$

c)

$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
$Ba(OH)_2 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + 2H_2O$
$n_{HCl} = 2n_{Ba(OH)_2} + n_{KOH} = 0,4(mol)$
$V = \dfrac{0,4}{0,5} = 0,8(lít) = 800(ml)$

Gọi kim loại cần tìm là A

a) PTHH: \(A+H_2O\rightarrow AOH+\dfrac{1}{2}H_2\uparrow\)

                 \(AOH+HCl\rightarrow ACl+H_2O\)

b) Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow n_A=0,2mol\)

\(\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{7,8}{0,2}=39\) \(\Rightarrow\) Kim loại cần tìm là Kali

b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{KCl}=0,2mol\\n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=0,2mol\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,2\cdot20\%=0,04\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{KCl}=0,2\cdot74,5=14,9\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0,04\cdot36,5=1,46\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Mặt khác: \(m_{H_2}=2\cdot0,1=0,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd}=m_K+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2}=7,8+\dfrac{0,24\cdot36,5}{10\%}-0,2=95,2\left(g\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{KCl}=\dfrac{14,9}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx15,65\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1,46}{95,2}\cdot100\%\approx1,53\%\end{matrix}\right.\)