\(P+3=x+\left(y^2+1\right)+\left(z^3+1+1\right)\ge x+2y+3z\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge x+2y+3z-3\)

\(6=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{4}{2y}+\dfrac{9}{3z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2+3\right)^2}{x+2y+3z}\)

\(\Rightarrow x+2y+3z\ge6\Rightarrow P\ge3\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)

b/ \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\dfrac{a}{d}\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)

=> \(\left(\dfrac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\dfrac{a+b+c}{c+d+b}\right)^3\) (2)Từ (1) và (2)=>đpcm

Bài 1

\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)

\(M=\dfrac{x+12-15}{x}+\dfrac{y+12-15}{y}+\dfrac{z+12-15}{z}\)

\(M=\dfrac{x-3}{x}+\dfrac{y-3}{y}+\dfrac{z-3}{z}\)

\(M=1-\dfrac{3}{x}+1-\dfrac{3}{y}+1-\dfrac{3}{z}\)

\(M=3-\left(\dfrac{3}{x}+\dfrac{3}{y}+\dfrac{3}{z}\right)\)

\(M=3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{9}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{9}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow3-3\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow M\le\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Vậy \(M_{max}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=4\)

Bài 2

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

Xét \(\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+3abc}{4abc}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4abc}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz dạng phân thức

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}=\dfrac{9}{ab+bc+ca}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)-9\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{9}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}+\dfrac{1}{ab}\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{9\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{4\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}-\dfrac{3}{2}\) (1)

Xét \(\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\) (2)

Cộng (1) và (2) theo từng vế

\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{225\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{225}}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{15\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}+\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{15\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}-\dfrac{22}{15}\ge\dfrac{2}{15}-\dfrac{22}{15}=-\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge-\dfrac{4}{3}\)

Vậy \(P_{min}=\dfrac{-4}{3}\)

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)

Bài 1

\(M=\dfrac{2x+y+z-15}{x}+\dfrac{x+2y+z-15}{y}+\dfrac{x+y+2z-15}{z}\)

Bài 2:

\(P=\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{30\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}+\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{4abc}-\dfrac{131\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)}{60\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)

Lời giải:

Sửa: $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

$P\geq \frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{7x^2}{2}.\frac{4}{y^2+z^2}+2007$

$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{14x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$

$=\frac{y^2+z^2}{x^2}+\frac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$

$\geq 2+\frac{13x^2}{y^2+z^2}+2007$ (áp dụng BĐT Cô-si)

$\geq 2+13+2007=2022$ (do $x^2\geq y^2+z^2$)

Vậy $P_{\min}=2022$

Lời giải:

Bạn cần bổ sung điều kiện $x,y,z>0$

\(P=\frac{1}{x.\frac{y^2+z^2}{y^2z^2}}+\frac{1}{y.\frac{z^2+x^2}{z^2x^2}}+\frac{1}{z.\frac{x^2+y^2}{x^2y^2}}=\frac{1}{x(\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2})}+\frac{1}{y(\frac{1}{z^2}+\frac{1}{x^2})}+\frac{1}{z(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2})}\)

\(=\frac{1}{x(3-\frac{1}{x^2})}+\frac{1}{y(3-\frac{1}{y^2})}+\frac{1}{z(3-\frac{1}{z^2})}=\frac{x}{3x^2-1}+\frac{y}{3y^2-1}+\frac{z}{3z^2-1}\)

Vì $\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2}=3\Rightarrow x^2, y^2, z^2>\frac{1}{3}$

Xét hiệu:

\(\frac{x}{3x^2-1}-\frac{1}{2x^2}=\frac{(x-1)^2(2x+1)}{2x^2(3x^2-1)}\geq 0\) với mọi $x>0$ và $x^2>\frac{1}{3}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{x}{3x^2-1}\geq \frac{1}{2x^2}$

Hoàn toàn tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và cộng theo vế ta có:

$P\geq \frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{1}{y^2}+\frac{1}{z^2})=\frac{3}{2}$

Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}$ khi $x=y=z=1$