Ta có: \(AB = BC = CD = DA = 1;\)

            \(AC = BD = \sqrt {A{B^2} + B{C^2}}  = \sqrt {{1^2} + {1^2}}  = \sqrt 2 \)

a) \(\overrightarrow a  = \overrightarrow {OB}  - \overrightarrow {OD}  = \overrightarrow {OB}  + \overrightarrow {DO}  = \left( {\overrightarrow {DO}  + \overrightarrow {OB} } \right) = \overrightarrow {DB} \)

\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow a } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {DB} } \right| = DB = \sqrt 2 \)

b)  \(\overrightarrow b = \left( {\overrightarrow {OC}  - \overrightarrow {OA} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DB}  - \overrightarrow {DC} } \right)\)

   \( = \left( {\overrightarrow {OC}  + \overrightarrow {AO} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {DB}  + \overrightarrow {CD} } \right) = \left( {\overrightarrow {AO}  + \overrightarrow {OC} } \right) + \left( {\overrightarrow {CD}  + \overrightarrow {DB} } \right)\)

   \( = \overrightarrow {AC}  + \overrightarrow {CB}  = \overrightarrow {AB} \)

\( \Rightarrow \left| {\overrightarrow b } \right| = \left| {\overrightarrow {AB} } \right| = AB = 1\)

Chú ý khi giải:

Khi có dấu trừ phía trước ta thường thay bằng vectơ đối của nó và ngược lại

Gọi N là trung điểm BC

\(\left|\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{OC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2\overrightarrow{MO}+2\overrightarrow{MB}+2\overrightarrow{OC}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2\overrightarrow{MC}+2\overrightarrow{MB}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AD}\right|\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|\)

\(\Rightarrow\left|\overrightarrow{BD}\right|=4\left|\overrightarrow{MN}\right|=4\left|\overrightarrow{DN}+\overrightarrow{MD}\right|\ge4MD-4DN\)

\(\Rightarrow4MD\le BD+4DN\)

\(\Leftrightarrow MD\le\dfrac{BD+4DN}{4}=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}+2a\sqrt{5}}{4}=\dfrac{2\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{2}}{4}a\)

1: \(=\left|\overrightarrow{CO}-\overrightarrow{CB}\right|=BO=\dfrac{a\sqrt{2}}{2}\)

\(BM=2MA\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AM}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\); \(AN=3NC\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AN}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\)

Do đó:

\(\overrightarrow{MN}.\overrightarrow{DN}=\left(\overrightarrow{MA}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{DA}+\overrightarrow{AN}\right)\)

\(=\left(-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(-\overrightarrow{AD}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{12}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\left(\dfrac{3}{4}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{1}{4}\overrightarrow{AD}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{5}{16}AB^2-\dfrac{3}{16}AD^2=\dfrac{1}{8}AB^2=\dfrac{1}{8}\) (chú ý rằng \(\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{AD}=0\) và \(AB=AD=1\))

Do ABCD là hình vuông nên AC vuông góc BD

Do đó:

\(P=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(\overrightarrow{BC}+\overrightarrow{BA}+\overrightarrow{BD}\right)=\left(\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\right).2\overrightarrow{BD}\)

\(=2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BD}+2\overrightarrow{AC}.\overrightarrow{BD}=2\overrightarrow{AB}.\overrightarrow{BC}=2a.a.cos135^0=-a^2\sqrt{2}\)

a) Ta có:

\(\overrightarrow {DM}  = \overrightarrow {DA}  + \overrightarrow {AM}  =  - \overrightarrow {AD}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} \) (do M là trung điểm của AB)

\(\overrightarrow {AN}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \overrightarrow {BN}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {BC}  = \overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AD} \) (do N là trung điểm của BC)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\overrightarrow {DM} .\overrightarrow {AN}  = \left( { - \overrightarrow {AD}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AB} } \right).\left( {\overrightarrow {AB}  + \frac{1}{2}\overrightarrow {AD} } \right)\\ =  - \overrightarrow {AD} .\overrightarrow {AB}  - \frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow {AD} ^2} + \frac{1}{2}{\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} + \frac{1}{4}\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD} \end{array}\)

Mà \(\overrightarrow {AB} .\overrightarrow {AD}  = \overrightarrow {AD} .\overrightarrow {AB}  = 0\) (do \(AB \bot AD\)), \({\overrightarrow {AB} ^2} = A{B^2} = {a^2};{\overrightarrow {AD} ^2} = A{D^2} = {a^2}\)

\( \Rightarrow \overrightarrow {DM} .\overrightarrow {AN}  =  - 0 - \frac{1}{2}{a^2} + \frac{1}{2}{a^2} + \frac{1}{4}.0 = 0\)

Vậy \(DM \bot AN\) hay góc giữa hai đường thẳng DM và AN bằng \({90^ \circ }\).