Câu 1: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử :
a) x3-2x2y+xy2-4x
b) x4-3x2+2
c) 27ay2-3a-3ab2+6ab
d) y3-3y2-3y+1
1,phân tích mỗi đa thức sau thành phân tử
a,(x+2y)2-(x-y)2
b,(x+1)3+(x-1)3
c,9x2-3x+2y-4y2
d,4x2-4xy+2x-y+y2
e,x3+3x2+3x+1-y3
g,x3-2x2y+xy2-4x
a) \(\left(x+2y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(x+2y+x-y\right)\left(x+2y-x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+y\right).3y\)
b) \(\left(x+1\right)^3+\left(x-1\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1+x-1\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
\(=2x\left[\left(x+1\right)^2-\left(x^2-1\right)+\left(x-1\right)^2\right]\)
c) \(9x^2-3x+2y-4y^2\)
\(=9x^2-4y^2-3x+2y\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)\left(3x+2y\right)-\left(3x-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-2y\right)\left[3x+2y-1\right]\)
d) \(4x^2-4xy+2x-y+y^2\)
\(=4x^2-4xy+y^2+2x-y\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)^2+2x-y\)
\(=\left(2x-y\right)\left(2x-y+1\right)\)
e) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-y^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-y^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-y\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+y\left(x+1\right)+y^2\right]\)
g) \(x^3-2x^2y+xy^2-4x\)
\(=x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)-4x\)
\(=x\left(x-y\right)^2-4x\)
\(=x\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-4\right]\)
\(=x\left(x-y+2\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)
a) (x + 2y)² - (x - y)²
= (x + 2y - x + y)(x + 2y + x - y)
= 3y(2x + y)
b) (x + 1)³ + (x - 1)³
= (x + 1 + x - 1)[(x + 1)² - (x + 1)(x - 1) + (x - 1)²]
= 2x(x² + 2x + 1 - x² + 1 + x² - 2x + 1)
= 2x(x² + 3)
c) 9x² - 3x + 2y - 4y²
= (9x² - 4y²) - (3x - 2y)
= (3x - 2y)(3x + 2y) - (3x - 2y)
= (3x - 2y)(3x + 2y - 1)
d) 4x² - 4xy + 2x - y + y²
= (4x² - 4xy + y²) + (2x - y)
= (2x - y)² + (2x - y)
= (2x - y)(2x - y + 1)
e) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1 - y³
= (x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1) - y³
= (x + 1)³ - y³
= (x + 1 - y)[(x + 1)² + (x + 1)y + y²]
= (x - y + 1)(x² + 2x + 1 + xy + y + y²)
g) x³ - 2x²y + xy² - 4x
= x(x² - 2xy + y² - 4)
= x[(x² - 2xy + y²) - 4]
= x[(x - y)² - 2²]
= x(x - y - 2)(x - y + 2)
PHÂN TÍCH CÁC ĐA THỨC SAU THÀNH NHÂN TỬ BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP NHÓM NHIỀU HẠNG TỬ :
a) x2 -2x -4y2-4y
b) x4 + 2x3 - 4x -4
c) x3 + 2x2y -x -2y
d) 3x2 -3y2 -2(x-y)2
e) x3 -4x2 -9x +36
f) x2 -y2 -2x -2y
a: Ta có: \(x^2-4y^2-2x-4y\)
\(=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)-2\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-2y-2\right)\)
c: Ta có: \(x^3+2x^2y-x-2y\)
\(=x^2\left(x+2y\right)-\left(x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+2y\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
d: Ta có: \(3x^2-3y^2-2\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=3\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(3x+3y-2x+2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+5y\right)\)
e: Ta có: \(x^3-4x^2-9x+36\)
\(=x^2\left(x-4\right)-9\left(x-4\right)\)
\(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
f: Ta có: \(x^2-y^2-2x-2y\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)-2\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x-y-2\right)\)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) 3x - 3y + x 2 - y 2 ; b) x 2 -4 x 2 y 2 + y 2 + 2xy
c) x 6 - x 4 + 2 x 3 + 2 x 2 ; d) x 3 - 3x 2 +3x - 1 - y 3 .
a) (x - y)(x + y + 3). b) (x + y - 2xy)(2 + y + 2xy).
c) x 2 (x + l)( x 3 - x 2 + 2). d) (x – 1 - y)[ ( x - 1 ) 2 + ( x - 1 ) y + y 2 ].
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
x3+y3+3y2+3y+1
\(x^3+y^3+3y^2+3y+1\\ =x^3+\left(y+1\right)^3\\ =\left(x+y+1\right)\left[x^2-x\left(y+1\right)+\left(y+1\right)^2\right]\\ =\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x^2-xy-x+y^2+2y+1\right)\\ =\left(x+y+1\right)\left(x^2+y^2+2y+1-xy-x\right)\)
=(x^3+3y+3y^2+y^3)+1
=(x+y)^3+1
=(x+y+1).[(x+y)^2+(x+y)+1]
Phân tích đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a ) x 3 + 2 x 2 y + x y 2 – 4 x
a) x3 + 2x2y + xy2 – 4x = x(x2 + 2xy + y2– 4) = x[(x+y)2-4]
= x(x + y + 2)(x + y – 2)
Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử:
a) 50x5-8x3
b) x4-5x2-4y2+10y
c) 36a2-b2+12a+1
d) x3+y3-xy2-x2y
e) 4x2+4x-3
f) 9x4+16x2-4
g) -6x2+5xy+4y2
h)(x2+4x)2+8(x2+4x)+15
i) 9x4+5x2+1
a: \(50x^5-8x^3\)
\(=2x^3\left(25x^2-4\right)\)
\(=2x^3\left(5x-2\right)\left(5x+2\right)\)
b: \(x^4-5x^2-4y^2+10y\)
\(=\left(x^2-2y\right)\left(x^2+2y\right)-5\left(x^2-2y\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2y\right)\left(x^2+2y-5\right)\)
c: \(36a^2+12a+1-b^2\)
\(=\left(6a+1\right)^2-b^2\)
\(=\left(6a+1-b\right)\left(6a+1+b\right)\)
d: \(x^3+y^3-xy^2-x^2y\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)-xy\left(x+y\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\)
e: Ta có: \(4x^2+4x-3\)
\(=4x^2+6x-2x-3\)
\(=2x\left(2x+3\right)-\left(2x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)\left(2x-1\right)\)
f: Ta có: \(9x^4+16x^2-4\)
\(=9x^4+18x^2-2x^2-4\)
\(=9x^2\left(x^2+2\right)-2\left(x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)\left(9x^2-2\right)\)
g: Ta có: \(-6x^2+5xy+4y^2\)
\(=-6x^2+8xy-3xy+4y^2\)
\(=-2x\left(3x-4y\right)-y\left(3x-4y\right)\)
\(=\left(3x-4y\right)\left(-2x-y\right)\)
h: Ta có: \(\left(x^2+4x\right)^2+8\left(x^2+4x\right)+15\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x\right)^2+3\left(x^2+4x\right)+5\left(x^2+4x\right)+15\)
\(=\left(x^2+4x+3\right)\cdot\left(x^2+4x+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2+4x+5\right)\)
Bài 1: Phân tích đa thức thành nhân tử
a) a/ x2 – 2x
b) 2bx – 3ay – 6by + ax
c) x3 +2x2y + xy2 – 4x
d) 4 - x2 – 2xy – y2
đ) 5x2 + 3(x + y)2 – 5y2
e/ 6x2y – 9x
b/ 4x3 – 4x2y + xy2 – 16 x
f) x2 + (2x +y)y – z2
\(a,=x\left(x-2\right)\\ b,=2b\left(x-3y\right)+a\left(x-3y\right)=\left(a+2b\right)\left(x-3y\right)\\ c,=x\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-4\right)=x\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-4\right]=x\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-2\right)\\ d,=4-\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(2-x-y\right)\left(2+x+y\right)\\ đ,=5\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)^2=\left(x+y\right)\left(5x-5y+3x+3y\right)\\ =\left(x+y\right)\left(8x-2y\right)=2\left(4x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)\\ e,=3x\left(2xy-3\right)\\ b,=x\left(4x^2-4xy+y^2-4\right)=x\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2-4\right]=x\left(2x-y-2\right)\left(2x-y+2\right)\\ f,=\left(x+y\right)^2-z^2=\left(x+y-z\right)\left(x+y+z\right)\)
a,=x(x−2)b,=2b(x−3y)+a(x−3y)=(a+2b)(x−3y)c,=x(x2+2xy+y2−4)=x[(x+y)2−4]=x(x+y+2)(x+y−2)d,=4−(x+y)2=(2−x−y)(2+x+y)đ,=5(x−y)(x+y)+3(x+y)2=(x+y)(5x−5y+3x+3y)=(x+y)(8x−2y)=2(4x−y)(x+y)e,=3x(2xy−3)b,=x(4x2−4xy+y2−4)=x[(2x−y)2−4]=x(2x−y−2)(2x−y+2)f,=(x+y)2−z2=(x+y−z)(x+y+z)
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a/ 2x3 + 3x2 + 2x +3 b/ x2 – x – 12 c/ 4x2 –( x2 + 1)2
d/ 4xy2 – 12x2y + 8xy e/ x2 + x – 6 f/ x3 + 2x2y + xy2 – 4xz2
g/ x3 – 2x2y + xy2 – 25x h/ x2 – 2x – 3 i/ x3 – 3x2 – 9x + 27
a: \(=x^2\left(2x+3\right)+\left(2x+3\right)\)
\(=\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
b: \(=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
e: =(x+3)(x-2)
a) \(=x^2\left(2x+3\right)+\left(2x+3\right)=\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2+1\right)\)
b) \(=x\left(x-4\right)+3\left(x-4\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
c) \(=\left(2x\right)^2-\left(x^2+1\right)^2=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x+1\right)^2\)
d) \(=4xy\left(y-3x+2\right)\)
e) \(=x\left(x-2\right)+3\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
f) \(=x\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-4z^2\right)=x\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-4z^2\right]=x\left(x+y-2z\right)\left(x+y+2z\right)\)
g) \(=x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2-25\right)=x\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-25\right]=x\left(x-y-5\right)\left(x-y+5\right)\)
h) \(=x\left(x+1\right)-3\left(x+1\right)=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)\)
i) \(=x^2\left(x-3\right)-9\left(x-3\right)=\left(x-3\right)\left(x^2-9\right)=\left(x-3\right)^2\left(x+3\right)\)
Bài 2: Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử
a) x2 – 9 b) 4x2 -1 c) x4 - 16
d) x2 – 4x + 4 e) x3 – 8 f) x3 + 3x2 + 3x + 1
a) x² - 9
= x² - 3²
= (x - 3)(x + 3)
b) 4x² - 1
= (2x)² - 1²
= (2x - 1)(2x + 1)
c) x⁴ - 16
= (x²)² - 4²
= (x² - 4)(x² + 4)
= (x² - 2²)(x² + 4)
= (x - 2)(x + 2)(x + 4)
d) x² - 4x + 4
= x² - 2.x.2 + 2²
= (x - 2)²
e) x³ - 8
= x³ - 2³
= (x - 2)(x² + 2x + 4)
f) x³ + 3x² + 3x + 1
= x³ + 3.x².1 + 3.x.1² + 1³
= (x + 1)³
Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a/ y2 - 2y b/ 3x4 – 6x3 + 3x2
c/ 27x2 ( y – 1) – 9x3 ( 1 - y) d/y3 – 2y2 + y
e/ x3 + 6x2 + 9x f/ x3 – 2x2y + xy2
g/ x( 2- x) – x + 2 h/ 3x ( x – 1) + 6( 1 – x)
\(a,=y\left(y-2\right)\\ b,=3x\left(x^2-2x+1\right)=3x\left(x-1\right)^2\\ c,=\left(y-1\right)\left(27x^2+9x^3\right)=9x^2\left(x+3\right)\left(y-1\right)\\ d,=y\left(y^2-2y+1\right)=y\left(y-1\right)^2\\ e,=x\left(x^2+6x+9\right)=x\left(x+3\right)^2\\ f,=x\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)=x\left(x-y\right)^2\\ g,=\left(2-x\right)\left(x+1\right)\\ h,=\left(x-1\right)\left(3x-6\right)=3\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\)
a: =y(y-2)
b: \(=3x^2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)=3x^2\left(x-1\right)^2\)
d: \(=y\left(y^2-2y+1\right)=y\left(y-1\right)^2\)