Giải hệ phương trình \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-y^3-3x^2+4x-y-2=0\\\sqrt{x^2+x+7}+\sqrt{y^2+y+4}=x+y+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ bằng phương pháp phân tích nhân tử
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2y=xy+4\\x^2-x-3-x\sqrt{6-x}=\left(y-3\right)\sqrt{y-3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-2xy+x+y=0\\x^4-4x^2y+3x^2+y^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
giải hệ phương trình
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{y-3}=3\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{3x}{x+1}+\dfrac{2}{y+4}=4\\\dfrac{2x}{x+1}-\dfrac{5}{y+4}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\y\ge3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\2\sqrt{x-2}-3\sqrt{y-3}=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\5\sqrt{x-2}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{y-3}=9\\\sqrt{x-2}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=1\\\sqrt{y-3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\y=7\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ne-1\\y\ne-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{4x}{x+1}-\dfrac{10}{y+4}=8\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15x}{x+1}+\dfrac{10}{y+4}=20\\\dfrac{19x}{x+1}=28\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{28}{19}\\\dfrac{1}{y+4}=-\dfrac{4}{19}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=28x+28\\4y+16=-19\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{28}{9}\\y=-\dfrac{35}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
1. Giải phương trình: \(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x}=\sqrt{2}\) .
2. Giải phương trình: \(4x^4-7x^3+9x^2-10x+4=0\).
3. Giải hệ phương trình: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=3-xy\\x^4+y^4=2\end{matrix}\right.\) .
Bài 1: ĐKXĐ: $2\leq x\leq 4$
PT $\Leftrightarrow (\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{4-x})^2=2$
$\Leftrightarrow 2+2\sqrt{(x-2)(4-x)}=2$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-2)(4-x)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x-2=0$ hoặc $4-x=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=2$ hoặc $x=4$ (tm)
Bài 2:
PT $\Leftrightarrow 4x^3(x-1)-3x^2(x-1)+6x(x-1)-4(x-1)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x-1)(4x^3-3x^2+6x-4)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=1$ hoặc $4x^3-3x^2+6x-4=0$
Với $4x^3-3x^2+6x-4=0(*)$
Đặt $x=t+\frac{1}{4}$ thì pt $(*)$ trở thành:
$4t^3+\frac{21}{4}t-\frac{21}{8}=0$
Đặt $t=m-\frac{7}{16m}$ thì pt trở thành:
$4m^3-\frac{343}{1024m^3}-\frac{21}{8}=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 4096m^6-2688m^3-343=0$
Coi đây là pt bậc 2 ẩn $m^3$ và giải ta thu được \(m=\frac{\sqrt[3]{49}}{4}\) hoặc \(m=\frac{-\sqrt[3]{7}}{4}\)
Khi đó ta thu được \(x=\frac{1}{4}(1-\sqrt[3]{7}+\sqrt[3]{49})\)
Nãy mình tìm được một cách giải tương tự cho câu 2.
PT \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(4x^3-3x^2+6x-4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\4x^3-3x^2+6x-4=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có 1 nghiệm bằng 1.
\(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow8x^3-6x^2+12x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7x^3+x^3-6x^2+12x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^3=-7x^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=-\sqrt[3]{7}x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt[3]{7}}\)
Vậy pt có nghiệm \(S=\left\{1;\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt[3]{7}}\right\}\)
Lưu ý: Nghiệm của người kia hoàn toàn tương đồng với nghiệm của mình (\(\dfrac{2}{1+\sqrt[3]{7}}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\sqrt[3]{7}+\sqrt[3]{49}\right)\))
1) Giải hệ phương trình
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+xy-4x+2y=2\\x\left(x+1\right)+y\left(y+1\right)=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) Giải phương trình
\(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
3) Tính giá trị của biểu thức
\(A=2x^3+3x^2-4x+2\)
Với \(x=\sqrt{2+\sqrt{\dfrac{5+\sqrt{5}}{2}}}+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{\dfrac{5+\sqrt{5}}{2}}}-\sqrt{3-\sqrt{5}}-1\)
4) Cho x, y thỏa mãn:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{y+2014}+\sqrt{2015-y}-\sqrt{2014-y}\)
Chứng minh \(x=y\)
Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
Bài 1:
ĐKĐB suy ra $x(x+1)+y(y+1)=3x^2+xy-4x+2y+2$
$\Leftrightarrow 2x^2+x(y-5)+(y-y^2+2)=0$
Coi đây là PT bậc 2 ẩn $x$
$\Delta=(y-5)^2-4(y-y^2+2)=(3y-3)^2$Do đó:
$x=\frac{y+1}{2}$ hoặc $x=2-y$. Thay vào một trong 2 phương trình ban đầu ta thu được:
$(x,y)=(\frac{-4}{5}, \frac{-13}{5}); (1,1)$
Giải hệ phương trình:
1, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+1+y^2+xy=y\\x+y-2=\frac{y}{1+x^2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
2, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3+8y^3-4xy^2=1\\2x^4+8y^4-2x-y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
3, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2=\frac{1}{5}\\4x^2+3x-\frac{57}{25}=-y\left(3x+1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
4, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{12-y}+\sqrt{y\left(12-x\right)}=12\\x^3-8x-1=2\sqrt{y-2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
5, \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(1-y\right)\sqrt{x-y}+x=2+\left(x-y-1\right)\sqrt{y}\\2y^2-3x+6y+1=2\sqrt{x-2y}-\sqrt{4x-5y-3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y^3-4y^2+4y=\sqrt{x+1}\left(y^2-5y+4+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\\2\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+6x-7=y^2\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y^2-1\right)\sqrt{3x-2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(y\left(y^2-5y+4\right)+y^2=\left(y^2-5y+4\right)\sqrt{x+1}+x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y^2-5y+4\right)\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)+\left(y+\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left[\left(y-2\right)^2+\sqrt{x+1}\right]=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y=\sqrt{x+1}\Rightarrow y^2=x+1\)
Thế xuống pt dưới:
\(2\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+6x-7=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-1\right)^2+x\sqrt{3x-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}-1\right)+x\left(x-\sqrt{3x-2}\right)=x^3-7x+6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=\left(x+3\right)\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-3x+2=0\\\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=x+3\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1) với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\):
\(\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}\le8-4\sqrt{3}< 1\)
\(\sqrt{3x-2}\ge0\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\le1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{x^2-3x+3}+1}+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}< 2\\x+3>2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1\right)\) vô nghiệm
Giải hệ phương trình:
1. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+3=2\sqrt{\left(3y-x\right)\left(y+1\right)}\\\sqrt{3y-2}-\sqrt{\dfrac{x+5}{2}}=xy-2y-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
2. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2y^2-7y+10-x\left(y+3\right)}+\sqrt{y+1}=x+1\\\sqrt{y+1}+\dfrac{3}{x+1}=x+2y\end{matrix}\right.\)
3. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x-y}-\sqrt{3y-4x}=1\\2\sqrt{3y-4x}+y\left(5x-y\right)=x\left(4x+y\right)-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9\sqrt{\dfrac{41}{2}\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{2x+y}\right)}=3+40x\\x^2+5xy+6y=4y^2+9x+9\end{matrix}\right.\)
5. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{xy+\left(x-y\right)\left(\sqrt{xy}-2\right)}+\sqrt{x}=y+\sqrt{y}\\\left(x+1\right)\left[y+\sqrt{xy}+x\left(1-x\right)\right]=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
6. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^4-x^3+3x^2-4y-1=0\\\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+4y^2}{2}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{x^2+2xy+4y^2}{3}}=x+2y\end{matrix}\right.\)
7. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-12z^2+48z-64=0\\y^3-12x^2+48x-64=0\\z^3-12y^2+48y-64=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hệ phương trình:
1. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
2. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
3. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}+2\sqrt{y}=6\\\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=4,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
1) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9\sqrt{x}-3\sqrt{y}=15\\2\sqrt{x}+3\sqrt{y}=18\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}11\sqrt{x}=33\\3\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=3\\\sqrt{y}=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=9\\y=16\end{matrix}\right.\)
2) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\sqrt{x+3}+4\sqrt{y+1}=-4\\2\sqrt{x+3}+\sqrt{y+1}=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}-2\sqrt{y+1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{y+1}=0\\\sqrt{x+3}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+1=0\\x+3=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=-1\\x=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy: Hệ phương trình có nghiệm duy nhất là \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Đk: \(x,y\ge0\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(1\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y+1}\ge0+1=1\\\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{x+1}\ge0+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=0,\sqrt{x+1}=1\\\sqrt{y}=0,\sqrt{y+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)<tmđk>
Vậy hệ pt có nghiệm \(\left(x,y\right)=\left(0;0\right)\)
Giải hệ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3-y^3+3x-12y+7=3x^2-6y^2\\\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{4-y}=x^3+y^3-4x-2y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(ĐK:x\ge-2;y\le4\)
\(PT\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x^3-3x^2+3x-1\right)-\left(y^3-6y^2+12y-8\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^3-\left(y-2\right)^3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y+1\right)\left[\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)\left(y-2\right)+\left(y-2\right)^2\right]=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y+1=0\\x^2-4x+xy+y^2-5y+7=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+\dfrac{1}{4}y^2+4+xy-2y-4x\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}y^2-3y+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}y-2\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y^2-4y+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x+\dfrac{1}{2}y-2\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay \(x=1;y=2\) vào PT(2) ta thấy ko thỏa mãn
Với \(x-y+1=0\Leftrightarrow y=x+1\), thay vào PT(2)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}=x^3+x^2-4x-1\left(-2\le x\le3\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}-3=x^3+x^2-4x-4\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)}-4}{\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}+3}=\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left[\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)-4\right]}{\left(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)}+2\right)}=\left(x^2-x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+\dfrac{2\left(x^2-x-2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)}+2\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-x-2\right)\left[x+2+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{x+2}+\sqrt{3-x}+3\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(3-x\right)}+2\right)}\right]=0\)
Với \(x\ge-2\Leftrightarrow x^2-x-2=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\Rightarrow y=0\\x=2\Rightarrow x=3\end{matrix}\right.\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy HPT có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(-1;0\right);\left(2;3\right)\right\}\)