Câu 1:

vecto AM+vecto BN+vecto CP

=1/2(vecto AB+vecto AC+vecto BA+vecto BC+vecto CA+vecto CB)

=1/2*vecto 0

=vecto 0

Gọ G là trọng tâm của tam giác ABC.Ta có: \(3\overrightarrow{IG}=\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}=3\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}\) ⇒ \(\overrightarrow{IG}=\overrightarrow{IB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{IC}\) (*)

\(3\overrightarrow{JG}=\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{JB}+\overrightarrow{JC}=3\overrightarrow{JI}+\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}=3\overrightarrow{JI}+3\overrightarrow{IB}+\overrightarrow{IC}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{JG}=\overrightarrow{JI}+\overrightarrow{IB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{IC}\) (**)

Ta có:

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IA}=2\left(\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AB}\right)\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IA}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IB}=-\overrightarrow{AB}\) (1)

\(\overrightarrow{IC}=\overrightarrow{IA}+\overrightarrow{AC}=-2\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}\) (2)

\(\overrightarrow{JI}=\overrightarrow{JA}+\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{-2}{5}\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{AB}\) (3)

Thế (1),(2),(3) vào (*),(**) tac có

\(\overrightarrow{IG}=\dfrac{-5}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (1')

\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{-1}{15}\overrightarrow{AC}\) (2')

Từ (1') và (2') ta có: \(\overrightarrow{IG}=-5\overrightarrow{JG}\) \(\Rightarrow\) 3 điểm I,J,G thẳng hàng . Do đó IJ đi qua trọng tâm của tam giác ABC (đpcm)

Lớp 8 học Véc-tơ làm gì cho đau đầu

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\(a,\) \(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}-4\overrightarrow{IC}\)

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{IB}-2\overrightarrow{IC}-2\overrightarrow{IC}=2\overrightarrow{CB}-2\overrightarrow{IC}\)

\(=2\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)-2\left(\overrightarrow{AC}-\overrightarrow{AI}\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=2\overrightarrow{AB}-2\overrightarrow{AC}-2\overrightarrow{AC}+2\overrightarrow{AI}\)

\(\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}\)

\(b,\overrightarrow{IJ}=\overrightarrow{AJ}-\overrightarrow{AI}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{IA}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}-\dfrac{4}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=\dfrac{4}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(1\right)\)

\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\overrightarrow{AG}-\overrightarrow{AJ}=\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AM}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}\)\((\) \(\) \(M\)  \(trung\) \(điểm\) \(BC)\)

\(\overrightarrow{JG}=\dfrac{\overrightarrow{AB}+\overrightarrow{AC}}{3}-\dfrac{2}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AB}+\dfrac{1}{3}\overrightarrow{AC}=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(\overrightarrow{AB}-\overrightarrow{AC}\right)\left(2\right)\)

\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{IJ}=-4\overrightarrow{JG}\Rightarrow I,J,G\) \(thẳng\) \(hàng\)