\(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{25}{2}\) . Với a, b là ai số dương thỏa mãn: \(a+b=1\)
Cho a, b là các số dương thỏa mãn a + b = 3. CMR
\(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{169}{18}\)
Với mọi x;y dương, ta có:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2\ge x^2+y^2+2xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
Đồng thời \(x^2+y^2\ge2xy\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+2xy\ge4xy\Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2\ge4xy\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x+y}{xy}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge\dfrac{4}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng: đặt vế trái của BĐT cần chứng minh là P, ta có:
\(P=\left(a+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+\dfrac{1}{b}+b+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(3+\dfrac{4}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{169}{18}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Với a, b, c là những số thực dương thỏa mãn \(\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\)\(\left(c+a\right)\)=1
Chứng minh rằng \(\dfrac{a}{b\left(b+2c\right)^2}\)+\(\dfrac{b}{c\left(c+2a\right)^2}\)+\(\dfrac{c}{a\left(a+2b\right)^2}\)≥\(\dfrac{4}{3}\)
Cho 3 số thực dương x,y,z thỏa mãn \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{2}{b}+\dfrac{3}{c}=3\)
Chứng minh \(\dfrac{27a^2}{c\left(c^2+9a^2\right)}+\dfrac{b^2}{a\left(4a^2+b^2\right)}+\dfrac{8c^3}{b\left(9b^2+4c^2\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Cho a,b,c là các số thực dương thỏa mãn điều kiện abc=1
Chứng minh rằng : \(P=\dfrac{1}{\left(a+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(b+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge1\)
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có ít nhất 2 số cùng phía so với 1
Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử đó là a và b
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(b-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab+1\ge a+b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(ab+1\right)\ge\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{2}{2\left(ab+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{\left(\dfrac{1}{c}+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}=\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\)
Lại có:
\(\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}+1.1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(\sqrt{ab}.\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{a}}+1\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(ab+1\right)\left(\dfrac{b}{a}+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{ab+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{ab+1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{\dfrac{1}{c}+1}+\dfrac{1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{c}{\left(c+1\right)^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{c}{c+1}+\dfrac{c+1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{c\left(c+1\right)+c+1}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{\left(c+1\right)^2}{\left(c+1\right)^2}=1\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Cho ba số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn . Chứng mình rằng:
\(\left(a+b+c\right)+2.\left(\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{1}{bc}+\dfrac{1}{ca}\right)+\dfrac{8}{abc}\ge\dfrac{121}{12}\)
Tách biểu thức như sau:
\(\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{b}{12}+\dfrac{c}{6}+\dfrac{8}{abc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{18}+\dfrac{b}{24}+\dfrac{2}{ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{16}+\dfrac{c}{8}+\dfrac{2}{bc}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{9}+\dfrac{c}{6}+\dfrac{2}{ca}\right)+\left(\dfrac{13a}{18}+\dfrac{13b}{24}\right)+\left(\dfrac{13b}{48}+\dfrac{13c}{24}\right)\)
Cho a,b>0 thỏa mãn: a+b=1. CM: \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right).\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Ta có : \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)=ab+\dfrac{1}{ab}+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\)
\(=\left(ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\dfrac{15}{16ab}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si có
\(ab+\dfrac{1}{16ab}\ge2\sqrt{ab\cdot\dfrac{1}{16ab}}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\)
Có : \(1=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\Rightarrow ab\le\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow16ab\le4\Rightarrow\dfrac{15}{16ab}\ge\dfrac{15}{4}\)
Do đó \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)\ge2+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{15}{4}=\dfrac{25}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cho hai số a;b>0 thỏa mãn \(a+\dfrac{1}{b}=1\) .Chứng minh: \(\left(a+\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(b+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\)≥\(\dfrac{25}{2}\)
Lời giải:
$a+\frac{1}{b}=1\Rightarrow b=\frac{1}{1-a}$
Khi đó:
$A=(a+\frac{1}{a})^2+(b+\frac{1}{b})^2=a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+b^2+\frac{1}{b^2}+4$
$=(1-a)^2+\frac{1}{(1-a)^2}+a^2+\frac{1}{a^2}+4$
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$A=[\frac{1}{(1-a)^2}+\frac{1}{a^2}]+[(1-a)^2+a^2]$
$\geq \frac{2}{a(1-a)}+2a(1-a)+4$
$=2a(1-a)+\frac{1}{8a(1-a)}+\frac{15}{8a(1-a)}+4$
\(\geq 2\sqrt{2a(1-a).\frac{1}{8a(1-a)}}+\frac{15}{8.\left(\frac{a+1-a}{2}\right)^2}+4\)
\(=2\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}}+\frac{15}{2}+4=\frac{25}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=\frac{1}{2}; b=2$
Cho \(a;b;c\) là các số thực dương thỏa mãn :\(0< a;b;c< 1\). Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a.\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b.\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c.\left(1-a\right)}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ac}\)
P/s: Đề cương toán lớp 10 trường THPT chuyên sư phạm Hà Nội.
Em xin nhờ quý thầy cô giáo và các bạn giúp đỡ, em cám ơn nhiều ạ!
Đặt \(a\left(1-b\right)=x;b\left(1-c\right)=y;c\left(1-a\right)=x\)
\(\Rightarrow1-\left(a+b+c\right)+ab+bc+ca=1-a\left(1-b\right)-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-x-y-z\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành:
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{3}{1-x-y-z}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1-x-y-z\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y-z}{z}-3\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-y-z}{x}+\dfrac{1-z-x}{y}+\dfrac{1-x-y}{z}-6\ge0\) (1)
Lại có: \(1-y-z=1-b\left(1-c\right)-c\left(1-a\right)=1-b-c+bc+ca=\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca\)
Nên (1) tương đương:
\(\dfrac{\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)+ca}{a\left(1-b\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-c\right)+ab}{b\left(1-c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)+bc}{c\left(1-a\right)}-6\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\)
BĐT trên hiển nhiên đúng theo AM-GM do:
\(\dfrac{1-c}{a}+\dfrac{c}{1-b}+\dfrac{1-a}{b}+\dfrac{a}{1-c}+\dfrac{1-b}{c}+\dfrac{b}{1-a}\ge6\sqrt[6]{\dfrac{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}{abc\left(1-a\right)\left(1-b\right)\left(1-c\right)}}=6\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Cho a, b, c là ba số dương thỏa mãn \(abc\)=1. Chứng minh rằng:
\(\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}\)+\(\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)≥\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đặt \(P=\dfrac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{1}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{b^3\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(abc\right)^2}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(bc\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ca\right)^2}{b\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{\left(ab\right)^2}{c\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{\left(bc+ca+ab\right)^2}{a\left(b+c\right)+b\left(c+a\right)+c\left(a+b\right)}\) (BĐT B.C.S)
\(=\dfrac{ab+bc+ca}{2}\) \(\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{abbcca}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\) (do \(abc=1\)).
ĐTXR \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)