Tìm trước khi hỏi Câu hỏi của Phan Đình Trường - Toán lớp 8 | Học trực tuyến

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\dfrac{\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)-\left(c+a+b\right)}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\dfrac{2a+2b+2c-a-b-c}{a+b+c}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=1\\\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=1\\\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(PHUCDZ=\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)

\(PHUCDZ=\left(\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\)

\(PHUCDZ=\dfrac{b+c-a+b}{a}.\dfrac{c+a-b+c}{b}.\dfrac{a+b-c+a}{c}\)

\(PHUCDZ=\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}.\dfrac{2c+a-b}{b}.\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}\)

\(PHUCDZ=\dfrac{\left(2b+c-a\right)\left(2c+a-b\right)\left(2a+b-c\right)}{abc}\)

Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{a}\\y=\dfrac{1}{b}\\z=\dfrac{1}{c}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x,y,z>0\\xyz=1\end{matrix}\right.\) và BĐT cần chứng minh là:

\(\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel và AM-GM ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{x^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{3\sqrt[3]{xyz}}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}=VP\)

Xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1 \Rightarrow a=b=c=1\)

ai tick cho mik , mik tick lại cho !^__<nhớ giải câu hỏi nhé ! thanks

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn ta có:

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{c+a+b}=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}=1\)

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=1\Rightarrow a+b-c=c\Rightarrow a+b=2c\\ \dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=1\Rightarrow b+c-a=a\Rightarrow b+c=2a\\ \dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=1\Rightarrow c+a-b=b\Rightarrow c+a=2b\)

\(\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\\ =\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)}{abc}\\ =\dfrac{2c.2b.2a}{abc}\\ =\dfrac{8abc}{abc}\\ =8\)

Đề thiếu điều kiện \(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\) nữa đấy

Ta có:

\(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b-c+b+c-a+c+a-b}{a+b+c}\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b+c}{a+b+c}\)

\(=1\)

Với \(\dfrac{a+b-c}{c}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b-c=c\)

\(\Rightarrow a+b=2c\left(1\right)\)

Với \(\dfrac{b+c-a}{a}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow b+c-a=a\)

\(\Rightarrow b+c=2a\left(2\right)\)

Với \(\dfrac{c+a-b}{b}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow c+a-b=b\)

\(\Rightarrow c+a=2b\left(3\right)\)

Ta lại có:

\(\left(1+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(=\left(\dfrac{b}{b}+\dfrac{a}{b}\right)\left(\dfrac{c}{c}+\dfrac{b}{c}\right)\left(\dfrac{a}{a}+\dfrac{c}{a}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{a+b}{b}.\dfrac{b+c}{c}.\dfrac{a+c}{a}\)

Thay (1) , (2) và (3) vào ta được

\(=\dfrac{2c}{b}.\dfrac{2a}{c}.\dfrac{2b}{a}\)

\(=\dfrac{8abc}{abc}\)

\(=8\)

\(\left(1+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a+b}{a}\times\dfrac{b+c}{b}\times\dfrac{a+c}{c}=8\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=8abc\)

~*~*~*~*~

\(\dfrac{a}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}+\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{ac}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\) (1)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}-\dfrac{ab}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}-\dfrac{bc}{\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}+\dfrac{c}{c+a}-\dfrac{ac}{\left(c+a\right)\left(a+b\right)}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}\left(1-\dfrac{b}{b+c}\right)+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\left(1-\dfrac{c}{c+a}\right)+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\left(1-\dfrac{a}{a+b}\right)\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{a+b}\times\dfrac{c}{b+c}+\dfrac{b}{b+c}\times\dfrac{a}{a+c}+\dfrac{c}{a+c}\times\dfrac{b}{a+b}\)

\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ac\left(a+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)}{\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{3}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(a+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)=\dfrac{3}{4}\times8abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow ac\left(a+c\right)+ab\left(a+b\right)+bc\left(b+c\right)+2abc=8abc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(b+c\right)=8abc\) luôn đúng

=> (1) đúng

Bạn cũng có thể giải bằng cách đặt \(x=\dfrac{a}{a+b};y=\dfrac{b}{b+c};z=\dfrac{c}{a+c}\).

\(\dfrac{2b+c-a}{a}=\dfrac{2c-b+a}{b}=\dfrac{2a+b-c}{c}=\dfrac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{a+b+c}=2\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2b+c-a=2a\\2c-b+a=2b\\2a+b-c=2c\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-2b=c\\3b-2c=a\\3c-2a=b\end{matrix}\right.\text{ và }\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3a-c=2b\\3b-a=2c\\3c-b=2a\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow P=\dfrac{a\cdot b\cdot c}{2a\cdot2b\cdot3c}=\dfrac{1}{8}\)