\(A=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\\ A=\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)\\ A=\left(x^2-5x+5-1\right)\left(x^2-5x+5+1\right)\\ A=\left(x^2-5x+5\right)^2-1\ge-1\)

đẳng thức xảy ra khi :

\(x^2-5x+5=0\\ x^2-2.\dfrac{5}{2}x+\dfrac{25}{4}=\dfrac{25}{4}-5\\ \left(x-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)^2=\dfrac{5}{4}\\ \Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-\dfrac{5}{2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}\\x-\dfrac{5}{2}=-\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}+\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+5}{2}\\x=-\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}+\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

vậy GTNN của A =-1 tại \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}+\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}+5}{2}\\x=-\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}}+\dfrac{5}{2}=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)

tách nhỏ câu hỏi ra bạn

\(a.10x\left(x-y\right)-6y\left(y-x\right)\\ =10x\left(x-y\right)+6y\left(x-y\right)\\ =\left(10x-6y\right)\left(x-y\right)\\ =2\left(5x-3y\right)\left(x-y\right)\)

\(b.14x^2y-21xy^2+28x^3y^2\\ =7xy\left(x-y+xy\right)\)

\(c.x^2-4+\left(x-2\right)^2\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)+\left(x-2\right)^2\\ =\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2+x-2\right)\\ =2x\left(x-2\right)\)

\(d.\left(x+1\right)^2-25\\ =\left(x+1-5\right)\left(x+1+5\right)=\left(x-4\right)\left(x+6\right)\)

các bạn làm giùm mih đi câu nào cũng được

a)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {2x - 5y} \right)\left( {2x + 5y} \right) + {\left( {2x + 5y} \right)^2}\\ = \left( {2x + 5y} \right)\left( {2x - 5y + 2x + 5y} \right)\\ = \left( {2x + 5y} \right).4x\\ = 2x.4x + 5y.4x\\ = 8{x^2} + 20xy\end{array}\)

b)

\(\begin{array}{l}\left( {x + 2y} \right)\left( {{x^2} - 2xy + 4{y^2}} \right) + \left( {2x - y} \right)\left( {4{x^2} + 2xy + {y^2}} \right)\\ = {x^3} + {\left( {2y} \right)^3} + {\left( {2x} \right)^3} - {y^3}\\ = {x^3} + 8{y^3} + 8{x^3} - {y^3}\\ = \left( {{x^3} + 8{x^3}} \right) + \left( {8{y^3} - {y^3}} \right)\\ = 9{x^3} + 7{y^3}\end{array}\)

mk gợi ý, phần còn lại tự làm 

a)  \(A=x^2+2x+5=\left(x+1\right)^2+4\ge4\)

b) \(B=4x^2+4x+11=\left(2x+1\right)^2+10\ge10\)

c)  \(\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)

\(=\left(x^2+5x\right)^2-36\ge-36\)

d)  \(D=x^2-2x+y^2-4y+7=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)

e)  \(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

a) A = x² + 2x + 5 

    = x² + 2x + 1 + 4

    = ( x + 1 )²  + 4

Nhận xét :

( x + 1 )² > 0 với mọi x 

=> ( x + 1 )² + 4 > 4 

=> A > 4 

=> A _min = 4

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : ( x + 1 )²  =  0

                                  => x + 1 = 0

                                  => x = - 1

Vậy A _min = 4 khi x = - 1

b) B = 4x² + 4x + 11

= ( 2x )² + 4x + 1 + 10

= ( 2x + 1 )² + 10

Nhận xét :

( 2x + 1 )² > 0 với mọi x

=> ( 2x + 1 )² + 10 > 10

=> B  >  10

=> B _min = 10

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : ( 2x + 1 )² = 0

                               => 2x + 1 = 0

                                => x = \(\frac{-1}{2}\)

Vậy B_min = 10 khi x = \(\frac{-1}{2}\)

c) C = ( x - 1 ) ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ( x + 6 )

       = [ ( x - 1 ) ( x + 6 ) ] [ ( x + 2 ) ( x + 3 ) ]

        = ( x² + 5x - 6 ) (  x² + 5x + 6 )

       = ( x² + 5x ) ² - 6²

        = ( x²  + 5x )² - 36

Nhận xét : 

( x² + 5x )² > 0 với mọi x

=> ( x² + 5x )² - 36 > - 36

=> C > - 36

=> C _min = - 36

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi : ( x² + 5x )² = 0

                               => x² + 5x = 0

                               => x ( x + 5 ) = 0

                               => \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x+5=0\end{cases}}\)

                              => \(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=-5\end{cases}}\)

Vậy C _min = - 36 khi x = 0 hoặc x = - 5

d) D = x² - 2x + y² - 4y + 7

        = ( x² - 2x + 1 ) + ( y² - 4x + 4 ) + 2

        = ( x - 1 )² + ( y - 2 )² + 2

Nhận xét :

( x - 1 )² > 0 với mọi x

( y - 2 )² > 0 với mọi y

=> ( x - 1 )² + ( y - 2 )² > 0 

=> ( x - 1 )² + ( y - 2 )² + 2  >  2

=> D > 2

=> D _min = 2

Dấu " = " xảy ra khi :  \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y-2\right)^2=0\end{cases}}\) 

                               => \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-1=0\\y-2=0\end{cases}}\)

                               => \(\hept{\begin{cases}x=1\\y=2\end{cases}}\)

Vậy D _min = 2 khi x = 1 và y = 2

a)\(A=x^2+2x+5\)

\(A=x^2+2.x.1+1+4\)

\(A=\left(x+1\right)^2+4\ge4\)

Dấu = xảy ra khi :

\(x+1=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)

Vậy A_min=4 tại x =-1

Bài 1:

\(x^2+3y^2+2z^2-2x+12y+4z+15=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1+3y^2+12y+12+2z^2+4z+2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+3\left(y^2+4y+4\right)+2\left(z^2+2z+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+3\left(y+2\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\)

Dễ thấy: \(\left(x-1\right)^2+3\left(y+2\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2\ge0\)

Xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\3\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)

Bài 2:

a)\(A=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)

\(=x^2-4xy+10x+4y^2-20y+25+y^2-2y+1+2\)

\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2y+5\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-3\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)

b)\(B=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)+15\)

\(=\left(x^2-5x+4\right)\left(x^2-5x+6\right)+15\)

Đặt \(t=x^2-5x+4\) thì ta có:

\(t\left(t+2\right)+15=t^2+2t+1+14\)

\(=\left(t+1\right)^2+14\ge14\)

Xảy ra khi \(t=-1 \)\(\Rightarrow x^2-5x+4=-1\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\)

a/

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y^2+1-4xy+2x-4y\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)-19=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y+1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2=19\)

Do 19 không thể phân tích thành tổng của 2 số chính phương nên pt vô nghiệm

b/

\(\left(4x^2+4y^2+8xy\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x+2y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\)

Do x; y nguyên dương nên \(\left(2x+2y\right)^2>0\Rightarrow VT>0\)

Pt vô nghiệm

c/

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y+25\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+\left|x+y+z\right|=0\)

Do x;y;z nguyên dương nên \(\left|x+y+z\right|>0\Rightarrow VT>0\)

Vậy pt vô nghiệm

d/

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+\left(x^2+10x+25\right)+\left(y^2+6y+9\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x+5\right)^2+\left(y+3\right)^2=0\)

Do x;y;z nguyên dương nên vế phái luôn dương

Pt vô nghiệm

\(ĐK:x\ge\dfrac{1}{5};y\ge\dfrac{3}{8}\)

\(PT\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3x^2-3y^2}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}-\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}}=3\left(x+y\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3\left(x+y\right)\left(\dfrac{x-y}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}-\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}}-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+y=0\\\dfrac{x-y}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}-\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}}=1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x-y=\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}-\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)=\dfrac{3\left(x^2-y^2\right)}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left[\dfrac{3\left(x+y\right)}{\sqrt{5x^2+2xy+2y^2}+\sqrt{2x^2+2xy+5y^2}}-1\right]=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)

Với \(x+y=0\Leftrightarrow x=-y\), thay vào PT 2

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(-y\right)\left(y-7\right)+10=\sqrt{10\left(-y\right)-2}+2\sqrt{8y-3}\\ \Leftrightarrow3y\left(7-y\right)+10=\sqrt{-10y-2}+2\sqrt{8y-3}\)

ĐK: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-10y-2\ge0\\8y-3\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow y\in\varnothing\)

Với \(x-y=0\Leftrightarrow x=y\), thay vào PT 2

\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2-21x+10=\sqrt{10x-2}+2\sqrt{8x-3}\left(x\ge\dfrac{3}{8}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow3x^2-24x+9=\sqrt{10x-2}-\left(x+1\right)+2\sqrt{8x-3}-2x\)

\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2-8x+3\right)=\dfrac{-x^2+8x-3}{\sqrt{10x-2}+\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{2\left(-x^2+8x-3\right)}{\sqrt{8x-3}+x}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-8x+3\right)\left(3+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{10x-2}+x+1}+\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{8x-3}+x}\right)=0\)

Dễ thấy ngoặc lớn vô nghiệm với \(x\ge\dfrac{3}{8}>0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+3=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4+\sqrt{13}\left(n\right)\\x=4-\sqrt{13}\left(n\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=4+\sqrt{13}\\y=4-\sqrt{13}\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy HPT có nghiệm \(\left(x;y\right)\in\left\{\left(4+\sqrt{13};4+\sqrt{13}\right);\left(4-\sqrt{13};4-\sqrt{13}\right)\right\}\)