1)

Ta có:

\(2x=3y=4z\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}}=-420\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-420.\dfrac{1}{2}=-210\\y=-420.\dfrac{1}{3}=-140\\z=-420.\dfrac{1}{4}=-105\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy....

1: Ta có: 2x=3y=4z

nên \(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{4}}\)

mà x-y-z=35

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{x-y-z}{\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}}=\dfrac{35}{-\dfrac{1}{12}}=-420\)

Do đó: x=-210; y=-140; z=-105

2: Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\)

nên \(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}\left(1\right)\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{y}{5}=\dfrac{z}{7}\)

nên \(\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\left(2\right)\)

Từ (1) và (2) suy ra \(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{20}=\dfrac{z}{28}\)

hay \(\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{60}=\dfrac{z}{28}\)

mà 2x+3y-z=186

nên Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được: 

\(\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{60}=\dfrac{z}{28}=\dfrac{2x+3y-z}{30+60-28}=\dfrac{186}{62}=3\)

Do đó: x=45; y=60; z=84

\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}\)

Áp dụng t/c dtsbn:

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12\cdot\dfrac{3}{2}=18\\y=12\cdot\dfrac{4}{3}=16\\z=12\cdot\dfrac{5}{4}=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

a) Ta có:

\(x+y+z=49\Rightarrow12x+12y+12z=588\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}=\dfrac{12x}{18}=\dfrac{12y}{16}=\dfrac{12z}{15}=\dfrac{12x+12y+12z}{18+16+15}=\dfrac{588}{49}=12\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=12.3:2\\y=12.4:3\\z=12.5:4\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

b) Ta có: 7x=10y=12z

nên \(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{7}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{10}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{12}}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta được:

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{1}{7}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{1}{10}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{1}{12}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{12}}=\dfrac{685}{\dfrac{137}{420}}=2100\)

Do đó:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2100\cdot\dfrac{1}{2}=1050\\y=2100\cdot\dfrac{1}{10}=210\\z=2100\cdot\dfrac{1}{12}=175\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}=\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}\) và \(x+y+z=49\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}=\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=12\Rightarrow x=12.\dfrac{3}{2}=18\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=12\Rightarrow y=12.\dfrac{4}{3}=16\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=12\Rightarrow z=12.\dfrac{5}{4}=15\)
Vậy \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

Theo đề bài, ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}\)=\(\dfrac{3y}{4}\)=\(\dfrac{4z}{5}\)=\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}\)=\(\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}\)=\(\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}\) và \(x+y+z=49\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau:
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}\)=\(\dfrac{3y}{4}\)=\(\dfrac{4z}{5}\)=\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}\)=\(\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}\)=\(\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}\)=\(\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}\)=\(\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{18}{12}+\dfrac{16}{12}+\dfrac{15}{12}}\)=\(\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}\)=12
Suy ra: x=12.\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)=18
y=12.\(\dfrac{4}{3}\)=16
z=12.\(\dfrac{5}{4}\)=15
Vậy x=18; y=16; z=15

Ta có :\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{2x}{3.12}=\dfrac{3y}{4.12}=\dfrac{4z}{5.12}\)

\(=\dfrac{2x}{36}=\dfrac{3y}{48}=\dfrac{4z}{60}=\dfrac{x}{18}=\dfrac{y}{16}=\dfrac{z}{15}\)và x+y+z=49

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{18}=\dfrac{y}{16}=\dfrac{z}{15}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{18+16+15}=\dfrac{49}{49}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{18}=1\\\dfrac{y}{16}=1\\\dfrac{z}{15}=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=18\\y=16\\z=15\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy x=18;y=16;z=15

Ta có: \(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{12x}{18}=\dfrac{12y}{16}=\dfrac{12z}{15}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{12x}{18}=\dfrac{12y}{16}=\dfrac{12z}{15}=\dfrac{12x+12y+12z}{18+16+15}=\dfrac{12.\left(x+y+z\right)}{49}\)

\(=\dfrac{12.49}{49}=12\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2x}{3}=12\Rightarrow x=18\)

\(\dfrac{3y}{4}=12\Rightarrow y=16\)

\(\dfrac{4z}{5}=12\Rightarrow z=15\)

Vậy \(x=18;y=16;z=15\)

Từ \(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}\)

Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :

\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{\dfrac{3}{2}+\dfrac{4}{3}+\dfrac{5}{4}}=\dfrac{49}{\dfrac{49}{12}}=12\)

⇒\(\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{3}{2}}=12\Rightarrow x=12.\dfrac{3}{2}=18\)

⇒\(\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{4}{3}}=12\Rightarrow y=12.\dfrac{4}{3}=16\)

⇒\(\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{5}{4}}=12\Rightarrow y=12.\dfrac{5}{4}=15\)

Vậy x;y;z lần lượt là 18;16;15

Ta có:
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{3y}{4}\Rightarrow y=\dfrac{4}{3}.\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{8x}{9}\)
\(\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{4z}{5}\Rightarrow z=\dfrac{5}{4}.\dfrac{2x}{3}=\dfrac{10x}{12}=\dfrac{5x}{6}\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=x+\dfrac{8x}{9}+\dfrac{5x}{6}=49\)
Hay \(\left(18+16+15\right).\dfrac{x}{18}=49\).

tức là $x = 18 $
\(\Rightarrow y=16\)
và \(z=15\)