\(ĐK:-5\le x\le3\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{3-x}=t\ge0\Leftrightarrow t^2-8=2\sqrt{15-2x-x^2}\), PTTT:

\(t-t^2+8-2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t^2-t-6=0\\ \Leftrightarrow t=3\left(t\ge0\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{15-2x-x^2}=3^2-8=1\\ \Leftrightarrow60-8x-4x^2=1\\ \Leftrightarrow4x^2+8x-59=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{-2+3\sqrt{7}}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{-2-3\sqrt{7}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy nghiệm pt là ...

Lời giải:
ĐKXĐ: $x\geq \sqrt{15}$

Đặt $\sqrt{x^2-15}=a; \sqrt{x-3}=b(a,b\geq 0)$

PT đã cho trở thành:

$a^2+b^2+1=ab+a+b$

$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2=2ab+2a+2b$

$\Leftrightarrow 2a^2+2b^2+2-2ab-2a-2b=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a^2+b^2-2ab)+(a^2-2a+1)+(b^2-2b+1)=0$

$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)^2+(a-1)^2+(b-1)^2=0$

Thấy rằng $(a-b)^2\geq 0; (a-1)^2\geq 0; (b-1)^2\geq 0$ với mọi $a,b\geq 0$

Do đó để tổng của chúng bằng $0$ thì $(a-b)^2=(a-1)^2=(b-1)^2=0$

$\Rightarrow a=b=1$

$\Rightarrow a^2=b^2=1$

$\Rightarrow x^2-15=x-3=1$

$\Rightarrow x=4$ (thỏa mãn)

Vậy.......

ĐKXĐ: \(-5\le x\le3\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x+5}+\sqrt{3-x}=t>0\Rightarrow t^2=8+2\sqrt{-x^2-2x+15}\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\sqrt{-x^2-2x+15}=8-t^2\) (1)

Pt trở thành:

\(t+8-t^2-2=0\Leftrightarrow-t^2+t+6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=3\\t=-2\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thế vào (1): \(-2\sqrt{-x^2-2x+15}=-1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{-x^2-2x+15}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-x^2-2x+15=\dfrac{1}{4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow...\)

Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM - GM:

\(\sqrt{\left(x^2-15\right)\left(x-3\right)}\le\dfrac{x^2-15+x-3}{2}=\dfrac{x^2+x-18}{2};\sqrt{x^2-15}\le\dfrac{x^2-15+1}{2}=\dfrac{x^2-14}{2};\sqrt{x-3}\le\dfrac{x-3+1}{2}=\dfrac{x-2}{2}\).

Do đó \(F\ge x^2+x-\dfrac{x^2+x-18}{2}-\dfrac{x^2-14}{2}-\dfrac{x-2}{2}-38=-21\).

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = 4.

Vậy...

\(\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}=-\dfrac{1}{2}x^3+\dfrac{15}{2}x-11\left(1\right)\)

Đk: \(\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}\ge0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x>1\\x\le-3\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow-2\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}=x^3-15x+22\)

\(\Rightarrow-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}.\left(x-2\right)=\left(x-2\right)\left(x^2+2x-11\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(nhận\right)\\-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+3\right)}=x^2+2x-11\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=\left(x^2+2x-3\right)-8\)

Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}\left(a\ge0\right)\). Từ phương trình (2) suy ra:

\(a^2+2a-8=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=2\left(nhận\right)\\a=-4\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=2\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x-7=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1+2\sqrt{2}\left(nhận\right)\\x=-1-2\sqrt{2}\left(nhận\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Thử lại ta có \(x=2\) và \(x=-1+2\sqrt{2}\) là 2 nghiệm của phương trình (1).

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\cdot\sqrt{\dfrac{x+3}{x-1}}=-x^3+15x-22\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)\left(x-1\right)\cdot\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}}{x-1}=-x^3+2x^2-2x^2+4x+11x-22\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)\sqrt{\left(x+3\right)\left(x-1\right)}=\left(x-2\right)\left(-x^2-2x+11\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\sqrt{4\left(x^2+2x-3\right)}+x^2+2x-11\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=0\left(1\right)\\2\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}+x^2+2x-11=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

(1) =>x=2

(2): Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+2x-3}=a\left(a>=0\right)\)

=>2a+a^2-8=0

=>(a+4)(a-2)=0

=>a=2

=>x^2+2x-3=4

=>x^2+2x-7=0

=>\(x=-1\pm2\sqrt{2}\)

=26928