Đk:\(x\ge\sqrt{15}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2-15}=a;\sqrt{x-3}=b\left(a,b>0\right)\)
Thì \(a^2+b^2=x^2+x-18\) khi đó
\(pt\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+1=ab+a+b\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\\b^2+1\ge2\sqrt{b^2}=2b\\a^2+1\ge2\sqrt{a^2}=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng theo vế rồi thu gọn 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(VT=a^2+b^2+1\ge ab+a+b=VP\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2+b^2=2ab\\b^2+1=2b\\a^2+1=2a\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow a=b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-15}=1\\\sqrt{x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2-15=1\\x-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=4\left(x\ge\sqrt{15}\right)\)
