a) 

Gọi số mol Na, K là a, b (mol)

=> 23a + 39b = 2,94 (1)

\(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,8}{18}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: 2Na + 2H₂O --> 2NaOH + H₂

               a---->a---------->a------>0,5a

            2K + 2H₂O --> 2KOH + H₂

              b--->b------->b------>0,5b

=> a + b = 0,1 (2)

Có \(n_{H_2}=0,5a+0,5b=0,5.0,1=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

=> V_H2(đkt) = 0,05.24 = 1,2 (l)

b)

BTKL: m_KL + m_H2O = m_bazo + m_H2

=> 2,94 + 1,8 = m_bazo + 0,05.2

=> m_bazo = 4,64 (g)

c) 

(1)(2) => a = 0,06 (mol); b = 0,04 (mol)

=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Na}=\dfrac{0,06.23}{2,94}.100\%=46,939\%\\\%m_K=\dfrac{0,04.39}{2,94}.100\%=53,061\%\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)

        1          2               1         1

       0,05    0,1           0,05      0,05 

    \(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)

       1           2              1            1

      0,2       0,4            0,2

a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)

⁰/₀Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)⁰/₀

⁰/₀MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)⁰/₀

b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)

⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)

\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)⁰/₀

 Chúc bạn học tốt

a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂

Mol:    0,05    0,1           0,05        0,05

PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl₂ + H₂O

Mol:     0,2         0,4         0,2

\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)

\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)

b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)

\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)

c,m_{dd sau pứ} = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)

 \(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)

\(Mg + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2\)     (1)

\(MgO + 2HCl \rightarrow MgCl_2 + H_2O\)      (2)

Khí thu được là H₂

\(n_{H_2}= \dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05 mol\)

Theo PTHH (1):

\(n_{Mg}= n_{H_2}= 0,05 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}= 0,05 . 24= 1,2 g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgO}= 9,2 - 1,2= 8g\)

C%_\(Mg\)= \(\dfrac{1,2}{9,2} .100\)%=13,04%

C%_\(MgO\)= 100% - 13,04%=86,96%

b)

\(n_{MgO}= \dfrac{8}{40}=0,2 mol\)

Theo PTHH (1) và (2):

\(n_{HCl(1)}= 2n_{Mg}= 0,1 mol\)

\(n_{HCl(2)}= 2n_{MgO}= 0,4 mol\)

Suy ra: \(n_{HCl}= n_{HCl(1)} + n_{HCl(2)}\)

                     \(= 0,1 + 0,4= 0,5 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,5 . 36,5= 18,25g\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{dd HCl} = \dfrac{18,25 . 100%}{14,6%}=125 g\)

_c)

\(\)Dung dịch sau pư: MgCl₂

Theo PTHH:

\(n_{MgCl_2}= \dfrac{1}{2} n_{HCl}= 0,25 mol\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{MgCl_2}= 0,25 . 95=23,75g\)

\(m_{dd sau pư} = m_{Mg} + m_{MgO} + m_{dd HCl}- m_{H_2}\)

               \(= 9,2 + 125 + 2 . 0,05\)

             \(=134,1 g\)

C%_{\(MgCl_2\)}=\(\dfrac{23,75}{134,1}. 100\)%=17,71%

1) PTHH: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)

2) Ta có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{1,2}{24}=0,05\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2}\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,05\cdot22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)

3)

+) Cách 1: Tính theo phương trình

Theo PTHH: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}=0,1mol\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,1\cdot36,5=3,65\left(g\right)\)

+) Cách 2: Bảo toàn khối lượng

Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{H_2}=0,05\cdot2=0,1\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCl_2}=0,05\cdot95=4,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=m_{MgCl_2}+m_{H_2}-m_{Mg}=4,75+0,1-1,2=3,65\left(g\right)\)

+) Cách 3: Bảo toàn nguyên tố  (Bonus)

Theo PTHH: \(n_{MgCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,05mol\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cl}=0,1mol\\n_H=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\) 

\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cl}=0,1\cdot35,5=3,55\left(g\right)\\m_H=0,1\cdot1=0,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=3,55+0,1=3,65\left(g\right)\)

a)

Gọi $n_{Mg} = a ; n_{Al} = b \Rightarrow 24a + 27b = 5,1(1)$
$Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2  + H_2$
$2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3H_2$

Ta có :

$n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b = \dfrac{5,6}{22,4} = 0,25(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = b = 0,1

$\%m_{Mg} = \dfrac{0,1.24}{5,1}.100\%  =47,06\%$

$\%m_{Al} = 52,94\%$

b)

$n_{HCl} = 2n_{H_2} = 0,5(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,5.36,5}{10\%} = 182,5(gam)$

c)

$MgCl_2 + 2NaOH \to Mg(OH)_2 + 2NaCl$
$AlCl_3 + 3NaOH \to Al(OH)_3 + 3NaCl$

$Al(OH)_3 + NaOH \to NaAlO_2 + 2H_2O$

$n_{Mg(OH)_2} = a = 0,1(mol)$
$\Rightarrow m_{kết\ tủa}  = 0,1.58 = 5,8(gam)$

Ta có:

\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\) ; \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)

Đặt số mol Mg và Al lần lượt là a và b (a,b>0)
theo bài ra ta có hệ 

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24a+27b=5,1\\a+1,5b=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Rightarrow\%Mg=\dfrac{0,1\times24}{5,1}=47,06\%\Rightarrow\%Al=100\%-47,06\%=52,94\%\)

Theo PT có \(n_{HCl}=2n_{Mg}+3n_{Al}=2\times0,1+3\times0,1=0,5\left(mol\right)\)

\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,5\times36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25}{10\%}=182,5\left(g\right)\)

\(MgCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+2NaCl\)

\(AlCl_3+3NaOH\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\)

+ Với NaOH vừa đủ

\(a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}+m_{Al\left(OH\right)_3}=0,1\times58+0,1\times78=13,6\left(g\right)\)

+ Với NaOH dư có thêm PT

\(Al\left(OH\right)_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaAlO_2+2H_2O\)

\(\Rightarrow a=m_{Mg\left(OH\right)_2}=0,1\times58=5,8\left(g\right)\)

Sửa đề thành 0,54 gam Al cho số mol đẹp bạn nhé!

PT: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)

Ta có: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,54}{27}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)

Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,03\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al}=0,01\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

a, Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=0,03.22,4=0,672\left(l\right)\)

b, \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,03.98=2,94\left(g\right)\)

c, \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,01.342=3,42\left(g\right)\)

Bạn tham khảo nhé!

Bạn xem lại đề !!

2,24 lít khí chứ k phải 22,4

\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{12,41}{36,5}=0,34\left(mol\right)\)

PTHH:

2A + 6HCl ---> 2ACl₃ + 3H₂ (1)

B + 2HCl ---> BCl₂ + H₂ (2)

Theo pthh (1, 2): \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,34=0,17\left(mol\right)\)

\(\rightarrow m_{H_2}=0,17.2=0,34\left(g\right)\)

Theo ĐLBTKL:

m_{kim loại} + m_HCl = m_muối + m_H2

=> m_muối = 4 + 12,41 - 0,34 = 16,07 (g)

Gọi n_B = a (mol)

=> n_Al = 5a (mol)

Theo pthh (1): n_HCl = 3n_Al = 3.5a = 15a (mol)

Theo pthh (2): n_HCl = 2n_B = 2a (mol)

=> 36,5(15a + 2b) = 12,41

=> a = 0,02 (mol)

=> m_Al = 0,02.5.27 = 2,7 (g)

=> m_B = 4 - 2,7 = 1,3 (g)

=> \(M_B=\dfrac{1,3}{0,02}=65\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)

=> B là Zn