\(a,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}\left(1\right)\)

Mà \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c^2}{b^2}\left(2\right)\)

Từ \(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\tođpcm\)

\(b,\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{c}{b}\Leftrightarrow ab=c^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{b^2-a^2}{a^2+c^2}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a^2+ab}=\dfrac{\left(b-a\right)\left(b+a\right)}{a\left(a+b\right)}=\dfrac{b-a}{a}\left(đpcm\right)\)

Trong tam giác ABC, theo Hệ quả định lý Cô sin ta luôn có :

Mà ta có 2.bc > 0 nên cos A luôn cùng dấu với b2 + c2 – a2.

a) Góc A nhọn ⇔ cos A > 0 ⇔ b2 + c2 – a2 > 0 ⇔ a2 < b2 + c2.

b) Góc A tù ⇔ cos A < 0 ⇔ b2 + c2 – a2 < 0 ⇔ a2 > b2 + c2.

c) Góc A vuông ⇔ cos A = 0 ⇔ b2 + c2 – a2 = 0 ⇔ a2 = b2 + c2.

Ta có: a+b+c=0

nên a+b=-c

Ta có: \(a^2-b^2-c^2\)

\(=a^2-\left(b^2+c^2\right)\)

\(=a^2-\left[\left(b+c\right)^2-2bc\right]\)

\(=a^2-\left(b+c\right)^2+2bc\)

\(=\left(a-b-c\right)\left(a+b+c\right)+2bc\)

\(=2bc\)

Ta có: \(b^2-c^2-a^2\)

\(=b^2-\left(c^2+a^2\right)\)

\(=b^2-\left[\left(c+a\right)^2-2ca\right]\)

\(=b^2-\left(c+a\right)^2+2ca\)

\(=\left(b-c-a\right)\left(b+c+a\right)+2ca\)

\(=2ac\)

Ta có: \(c^2-a^2-b^2\)

\(=c^2-\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)

\(=c^2-\left[\left(a+b\right)^2-2ab\right]\)

\(=c^2-\left(a+b\right)^2+2ab\)

\(=\left(c-a-b\right)\left(c+a+b\right)+2ab\)

\(=2ab\)

Ta có: \(M=\dfrac{a^2}{a^2-b^2-c^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{b^2-c^2-a^2}+\dfrac{c^2}{c^2-a^2-b^2}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{2bc}+\dfrac{b^2}{2ac}+\dfrac{c^2}{2ab}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\)

Ta có: \(a^3+b^3+c^3\)

\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+2ab+b^2-ca-cb+c^2\right)-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

\(=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\)

Thay \(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3ab\left(a+b\right)\) vào biểu thức \(=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3}{2abc}\), ta được: 

\(M=\dfrac{-3ab\left(a+b\right)}{2abc}=\dfrac{-3\left(a+b\right)}{2c}\)

\(=\dfrac{-3\cdot\left(-c\right)}{2c}=\dfrac{3c}{2c}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Vậy: \(M=\dfrac{3}{2}\)

Ta có

$$a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ca=0,$$

hay $$\dfrac{1}{2}\left[(a-b)^2+(b-c)^2 +(c-a)^2\right[ = 0.$$

Mà vế trái luôn không âm \(\forall a,b,c \in \mathbb{R}\), đẳng thức xảy ra khi $a=b=c.$

Vậy ta có điều cần chứng minh.

Ta có: \(a^2+b^2+c^2=ab+bc+ca\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ac=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}\Rightarrow ac=b^2\)

\(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{b^2+c^2}=\dfrac{a^2+ac}{ac+c^2}=\dfrac{a\left(a+c\right)}{c\left(a+c\right)}=\dfrac{a}{c}\)

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