a) x²+2xy+y²-4= (x+y)²-2² => hiệu hai bình phương

=(x+y+2)(x+y-2)

Bài 2: 

a: \(3x^2-3xy=3x\left(x-y\right)\)

b: \(x^2-4y^2=\left(x-2y\right)\left(x+2y\right)\)

c: \(3x-3y+xy-y^2=\left(x-y\right)\left(3+y\right)\)

d: \(x^2-y^2+2y-1=\left(x-y+1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)

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Bài 1 : 

a) \(x^2+y^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+2xy+y^2-2xy\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy=\left(-3\right)^2-2.\left(-28\right)=65\)

b) \(x^3+y^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2-3xy\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-3xy\right]=\left(-3\right)\left[\left(-3\right)^2-3.\left(-28\right)\right]=-279\)

c) \(x^4+y^4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^4-4x^3y-4xy^3-6x^2y^2=\left(-3\right)^4-4\left(-28\right).65-6\left(-28\right)^2=2657\)

Bài 3:

Có:    \(x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(x+y\right)^3-3xy\left(x+y\right)+z^3\)

=>     \(x^3+y^3+z^3=\left(-z\right)^3-3xy.-z+z^3\)

=>     \(x^3+y^3+z^3=-z^3+z^3+3xyz=3xyz\)

=> TA CÓ ĐPCM.

VẬY      \(x+y+z=0\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3=3xyz\)

Bài 2 :

a) Giả sử  \(a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2\ge ab+ac+ad\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+d^2-ab-ac-ad\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow4a^2+4b^2+4c^2+4d^2-4ab-4ac-4ad\ge0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)^2+\left(a-2c\right)^2+\left(a-2d^2\right)\ge0\)( luôn đúng )

\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)

b) Sửa đề : \(a^2+4b^2+4c^2\ge2ab-2ac+4bc\)

Ta có : \(\left(a+2c\right)^2\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^2+4c^2\ge-4ac\left(1\right)\)

Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si ta có :

\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+4b^2\ge4ab\left(2\right)\\4b^2+4c^2\ge8bc\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)

(1) + (2) + (3) 

\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+8b^2+8c^2\ge4ab-4ac+8bc\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+4b^2+4c^2\right)\ge4\left(ab-ac+2bc\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+4b^2+4c^2\ge2ab-2ac+4bc\)

1

a, 2x²+4x+2-2y² = 2(x²+2x+1-y²)= 2[(x+1)²-y² ] = 2(x-y+1)(x+y+1)

b, 2x - 2y - x² + 2xy - y²= 2(x -y) - (x² - 2xy + y²) = 2(x-y)-(x-y)²=(x-y)(2-x+y)

c, x²-y²-2y-1=x²-(y²+2y+1)=x²-(y+1)²=(x-y-1)(x+y+1)

d, x²-4x-2xy-4y+y²= x²-2xy+y²-4x-4y=(x-y)

2.

a, x²-3x+2=x²-x-2x+2=x(x-1)-2(x-1)=(x-2)(x-1)

b, x²+5x+6=x²+2x+3x+6=x(x+2)+3(x+2)=(x+3)(x+2)

c, x²+6x-6=

1: =(x+y-3x)(x+y+3x)

=(-2x+y)(4x+y)

2: =(3x-1-4)(3x-1+4)

=(3x+3)(3x-5)

=3(x+1)(3x-5)

3: =(2x)^2-(x^2+1)^2

=-[(x^2+1)^2-(2x)^2]

=-(x^2+1-2x)(x^2+1+2x)

=-(x-1)^2(x+1)^2

4: =(2x+1+x-1)(2x+1-x+1)

=3x(x+2)

5: =[(x+1)^2-(x-1)^2][(x+1)^2+(x-1)^2]

=(2x^2+2)*4x

=8x(x^2+1)

6: =(5x-5y)^2-(4x+4y)^2

=(5x-5y-4x-4y)(5x-5y+4x+4y)

=(x-9y)(9x-y)

7: =(x^2+xy+y^2+xy)(x^2+xy-y^2-xy)

=(x^2+2xy+y^2)(x^2-y^2)

=(x+y)^3*(x-y)

8: =(x^2+4y^2-20-4xy+16)(x^2+4y^2-20+4xy-16)

=[(x-2y)^2-4][(x+2y)^2-36]

=(x-2y-2)(x-2y+2)(x+2y-6)(x+2y+6)

Bài 1 : 

a, \(A=x^2-4x+6=x^2-4x+4+2=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi x = 2 

Vậy GTNN A là 2 khi x = 2 

b, \(B=y^2-y+1=y^2-2.\frac{1}{2}y+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}=\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi y = 1/2 

Vậy GTNN B là 3/4 khi y = 1/2 

c, \(C=x^2-4x+y^2-y+5=x^2-4x+4+y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\)

\(=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\ge\frac{3}{4}\)

Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi \(x=2;y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy GTNN C là 3/4 khi x = 2 ; y = 1/2 

Bài 3 : 

a, \(x^2-6x+10=x^2-2.3.x+9+1=\left(x-3\right)^2+1\ge1>0\)( đpcm )

b, \(-y^2+4y-5=-\left(y^2-4y+5\right)=-\left(y^2-4y+4+1\right)=-\left(y-2\right)^2-1< 0\)( đpcm )

Bài 4 : 

\(B=\left(x^2+y^2\right)=\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy\)

Thay (*) ta được : \(225-2\left(-100\right)=225+200=425\)

Bài 5 : 

\(\left(x+y\right)^2-\left(x-y\right)^2=\left(x+y-x+y\right)\left(x+y+x-y\right)\)

\(=2y.2x=4xy=VP\)( đpcm ) 

Trả lời:

Bài 1: 

a, \(A=x^2-4x+6=x^2-2.x.2+4+2=\left(x-2\right)^2+2\)\(\ge2\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 2 = 0 <=> x = 2

Vậy GTNN của A = 2 khi x = 2

b, \(B=y^2-y+1=\left(y^2-2.y.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)\(\ge\frac{3}{4}\forall y\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(y-\frac{1}{2}=0\Leftrightarrow y=\frac{1}{2}\)

Vậy GTNN của B = 3/4 khi x = 1/2

c, \(C=x^2-4x+y^2-y+5=\left(x^2-4x\right)+\left(y^2-y\right)+4+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\)

\(=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+\left(y^2-y+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x-2\right)^2+\left(y-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\)\(\ge\frac{3}{4}\forall x;y\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 2 = 0 <=> x = 2 và y - 1/2 = 0 <=> y = 1/2

Vậy GTNN của C = 3/4 khi x = 2; y = 1/2

Bài 2: 

a, \(A=-x^2+4x+2=-\left(x^2-4x-2\right)=-\left(x^2-2.x.2+4-6\right)=-\left[\left(x-2\right)^2-6\right]\)

\(=-\left(x-2\right)^2+6\le6\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 2 = 0 <=> x = 2

Vậy GTLN của A = 6 khi x = 2

b, \(B=x-x^2+2=-\left(x^2-x-2\right)=-\left(x^2-2.x.\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{9}{4}\right)=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{9}{4}\right]\)

\(=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{9}{4}\le-\frac{9}{4}\forall x\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi x - 1/2 = 0 <=> x = 1/2

Vậy GTLN của B = - 9/4 khi x = 1/2

a) \(x-xy+y-y^2=x\left(1-y\right)+y\left(1-y\right)=\left(x+y\right)\left(1-y\right)\)

b) \(x^2-2x-y^2+1=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-y^2=\left(x-1\right)^2-y^2=\left(x-y-1\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\)

c) \(4x^2-4xy+y^2=\left(2x\right)^2-2.2x.y+y^2=\left(2x-y\right)^2\)

d) \(9x^3-9x^2y-4x+4y=9x^2\left(x-y\right)-4\left(x-y\right)=\left(9x^2-4\right)\left(x-y\right)=\left(3x-2\right)\left(3x+2\right)\left(x-y\right)\)

e) \(x^3+2+3\left(x^3-2\right)=x^3+2+3x^3-6=4x^3-4=4\left(x^3-1\right)=4\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)\)