\(4=2a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}+\dfrac{b^2}{4}=\left(a^2+\dfrac{1}{a^2}-2\right)+\left(a^2+\dfrac{b^2}{4}+ab\right)-ab+2\)

\(\Rightarrow4=\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2-ab+2\)

\(\Rightarrow ab=\left(a-\dfrac{1}{a}\right)^2+\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2-2\ge-2\)

\(M_{min}=-2\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a-\dfrac{1}{a}=0\\a+\dfrac{b}{2}=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a;b\right)=\left(1;-2\right);\left(-1;2\right)\)

Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{a^2}{a+4}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+4}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+8}\) (BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz)

\(=\dfrac{4^2}{4+8}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(\Rightarrow A\ge\dfrac{4}{3}\Rightarrow A_{min}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) khi \(\dfrac{a}{a+4}=\dfrac{b}{b+4}\)

\(\Rightarrow ab+4a=ab+4b\Rightarrow a=b=2\)

\(A=\dfrac{a^2}{a+4}+\dfrac{b^2}{b+4}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b+8}=\dfrac{4^2}{4+8}=\dfrac{4}{3}\)

\(A_{min}=\dfrac{4}{3}\) khi \(a=b=2\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{4}{a+b}\right)^2\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}+\dfrac{15}{2\left(a+b\right)^2}\)

\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}}+\dfrac{15}{2.1^2}=\dfrac{17}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Lời giải:

$P=a^3b^3+1+1+\frac{1}{a^3b^3}$

$=(ab)^3+\frac{1}{(ab)^3}+2$

Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si:

$(ab)^3+\frac{1}{4096(ab)^3}\geq 2\sqrt{(ab)^3.\frac{1}{4096(ab)^3}}=\frac{1}{32}(1)$

$ab\leq \frac{(a+b)^2}{4}=\frac{1}{4}$

$\Rightarrow (ab)^3\leq \frac{1}{64}$

$\Rightarrow \frac{4095}{4096(ab)^3}\geq \frac{4095}{64}(2)$

Từ $(1);(2)$ suy ra:
$P\geq \frac{1}{32}+\frac{4095}{64}+2=\frac{4225}{64}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{4225}{64}$

Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=\frac{1}{2}$

Bạn tham khảo bài làm nhé

Đây là bài IMO 2001 và không cần điều kiện \(a+b+c=1\)

Áp dụng Holder:

\(P.P.\left[a\left(a^2+8bc\right)+b\left(b^2+8ac\right)+c\left(c^2+8ab\right)\right]\ge\left(a+b+c\right)^3\)

\(\Leftrightarrow P^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c\right)^3}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}=\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+3\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}\)

\(\Rightarrow P^2\ge\dfrac{a^3+b^3+c^3+3.2\sqrt{ab}.2\sqrt{bc}.2\sqrt{ca}}{a^3+b^3+c^3+24abc}=1\)

\(\Rightarrow P\ge1\)