Đặt t=\(\sqrt{2019-x^{ }2}\)>0, nên \(t^2\)=2019-\(x^2\) hay \(x^2\)=2019-\(t^2\).

từ đề bài ta có: 2019-\(t^2\)-\(t^2\)-2017t=0

hay 2\(t^2\)+2017t-2019=0, nên t=1 và t=-2019/2<0 loại

t=1, nên \(x^2\)=2018, nên x=2018 hoặc x=-2018 thỏa điều kiện 2019-\(x^2\)>=0

Chú ý:

\(\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x+1\right)^2=\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+2x+1\right)=\left(x^2+2x\right)^2+4\left(x^2+2x\right)+4\)

\(=\left(x^2+2x+2\right)^2\)

\(x^2+\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(x^2+x\right)^2\)

\(=\left(x^2+x\right)+x^2+x^2+2x+1\)

\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+2x^2+2x+1\)

\(=\left(x^2+x\right)^2+2\left(x^2+x\right)+1\)

\(=\left(x^2+x+1\right)^2\)

èo =))

ĐKXĐ: \(2019\le x\le2020\)

\(VT=\sqrt{x-2019}+\sqrt{2021-x}\le\sqrt{2\left(x-2019+2021-x\right)}=2\)

\(VP=\left(x-2020\right)^2+2\ge2\)

Đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi:

\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-2019=2021-x\\x-2020=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=2020\)

a/ \(0\le x\le2019^2\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=t\ge0\Rightarrow t^2-2019+\sqrt{2019-t}=0\)

Đặt \(\sqrt{2019-t}=a\Rightarrow2019=a^2+t\) ta được:

\(t^2-\left(a^2+t\right)+a=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow t^2-a^2-\left(t-a\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-a\right)\left(t+a\right)-\left(t-a\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(t-a\right)\left(t+a-1\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=t\\a=1-t\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2019-t}=t\\\sqrt{2019-t}=1-t\left(t\le1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t^2+t-2019=0\\t^2-t-2018=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow t=...\Rightarrow x=t^2=...\)

a) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm2\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{x+2}=\dfrac{x^2+4}{x^2-4}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{x+2}=\dfrac{x^2+4}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x-2\right)}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+4}{\left(x+2\right)\left(x-2\right)}\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x-2\right)=x^2+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x=x^2+4\)

\(\Leftrightarrow-2x=4\Leftrightarrow x=-2\)(KTMĐK)

Vậy phương trình vô nghiệm

b) ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne3;x\ne-1\)

Ta có: \(\dfrac{x}{2x-6}+\dfrac{x}{2x+2}+\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(3-x\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{2\left(x-3\right)}+\dfrac{x}{2\left(x+1\right)}-\dfrac{2x}{\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x\left(x+1\right)}{2\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}+\dfrac{x\left(x-3\right)}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}-\dfrac{2.2x}{2\left(x+1\right)\left(x-3\right)}=0\)

\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+1\right)+x\left(x-3\right)-2.2x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+x^2-3x-4x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-6x=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x-3\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(TMĐK\right)\\x=3\left(KTMĐK\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)

Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x=0\)

c) Ta có: \(\dfrac{2-x}{2017}-1=\dfrac{1-x}{2018}-\dfrac{x}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-x}{2017}+1=\dfrac{1-x}{2018}+1-\dfrac{x}{2019}+1\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-x}{2017}+1=\left(\dfrac{1-x}{2018}+1\right)-\left(\dfrac{x}{2019}-1\right)\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2-x+2017}{2017}=\dfrac{1-x+2018}{2018}-\dfrac{x-2019}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019-x}{2017}=\dfrac{2019-x}{2018}+\dfrac{2019-x}{2019}\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2019-x}{2017}-\dfrac{2019-x}{2018}-\dfrac{2019-x}{2019}=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2019-x\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2019}\right)=0\)

\(\Leftrightarrow2019-x=0\)(vì \(\dfrac{1}{2017}-\dfrac{1}{2018}-\dfrac{1}{2019}\ne0\))

\(\Leftrightarrow x=2019\)

Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là \(x=2019\)

đk : \(x\ge-3\) Viết phương trình thành  \(x^4\left(\sqrt{x+3}-2\right)=2019\left(1-x\right)\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4\left(\sqrt{x+3}-2\right)\left(\sqrt{x+3}+2\right)}{(\sqrt{x+3}+2)}=2019\left(1-x\right)\) \(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^4\left(x-1\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x+3}+2\right)}+2019\left(x-1\right)=0\) 

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)[\frac{x^4}{\sqrt{x+3}+2}+2019]=0\Leftrightarrow x=1.\)   Vì  \(\frac{x^4}{\sqrt{x+3}+2}+2019>0\)  với mọi giá trị của x thuộc tập xác định.

Đáp số  x = 1