\(S=\left(1+\dfrac{2a}{3b}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2b}{3c}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2c}{3d}\right)\left(1+\dfrac{2d}{3a}\right)\)

có \(1+\dfrac{2a}{3b}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2a}{3b}}\)(BDT AM-GM)

\(=>1+\dfrac{2b}{3c}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2b}{3c}}\)

\(=>1+\dfrac{2c}{3d}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2c}{3d}}\)

\(=>1+\dfrac{2d}{3a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2d}{3a}}\)

\(=>S\ge16\sqrt{\dfrac{2a.2b.2c.2d}{3a.3b.3c.3d}}=16\sqrt{\dfrac{16abcd}{81abcd}}=16\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{81}}=\dfrac{64}{9}\)

Đặt a/b=c/d=k

=>a=bk; c=dk

a: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{2a-b}=\dfrac{2bk+b}{2bk-b}=\dfrac{2k+1}{2k-1}\)

\(\dfrac{2c+d}{2c-d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{2dk-d}=\dfrac{2k+1}{2k-1}\)

=>\(\dfrac{2a+b}{2a-b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{2c-d}\)

b: \(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2bk+b}{bk-2b}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)
\(\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}=\dfrac{2dk+d}{dk-2d}=\dfrac{2k+1}{k-2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{2a+b}{a-2b}=\dfrac{2c+d}{c-2d}\)

\(\dfrac{a}{1+9b^2}=a-\dfrac{9ab^2}{1+9b^2}\ge a-\dfrac{9ab^2}{6b}=a-\dfrac{3}{2}ab\)

Tương tự và cộng lại:

\(T\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{3}{2}\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\ge a+b+c-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=\dfrac{1}{3}\)

Từ \(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{d}{a}\)

⇒  \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{b}{c}=\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{d}{a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{b+c+d+a}=1\)

⇒   \(a=b=c=d\)

Thay b = a ; c = a ; d = a vào biểu thức A ta có:

\(A=\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{2a}\)

\(A=\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}\)

\(A=\dfrac{1}{2}.4=2\)

Vậy A = 2

\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}\)

Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{d}{2a}=\dfrac{a+b+c+d}{2a+2b+2c+2d}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)

=>\(\dfrac{a}{2b}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2a=2b =>a=b

\(\dfrac{b}{2c}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2b=2c =>b=c

\(\dfrac{c}{2d}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2c=2d =>c=d

\(\dfrac{d}{2a}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)=>2d=2a =>d=a

=>a=b=c=d.

*\(\dfrac{2011a-2010b}{c+d}+\dfrac{2011b-2010c}{a+d}+\dfrac{2011c-2010d}{a+b}+\dfrac{2011d-2010a}{b+c}\)

=\(\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010d}{a+a}+\dfrac{2011a-2010a}{a+a}\)

=\(\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}+\dfrac{a}{2a}\)=2

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:

\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b+2c+3d}+\dfrac{b}{c+2d+3a}+\dfrac{c}{d+2a+3b}+\dfrac{d}{a+2b+3c}\)

\(=\dfrac{a^2}{ab+2ac+3ad}+\dfrac{b^2}{bc+2bd+3ab}+\dfrac{c^2}{cd+2ac+3bc}+\dfrac{d^2}{ad+2bd+3cd}\)

\(\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{4\left(ab+ad+bc+bd+ca+cd\right)}\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}{\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\)

*Chứng minh \(4\left(ab+ad+bc+bd+ca+cd\right)\le\dfrac{3}{2}\left(a+b+c+d\right)^2\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a-d\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b-d\right)^2+\left(a-c\right)^2+\left(c-d\right)^2\ge0\)

Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)

Lời giải:

Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:

\(T=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}}\geq \frac{(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})^2}{2(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})}=\frac{1}{2}(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c})\)

\(\geq \frac{1}{2}.3\sqrt[3]{\frac{1}{abc}}=\frac{3}{2}\) (theo BĐT AM-GM)

Vậy $T_{\min}=\frac{3}{2}$.

Giá trị này đạt tại $a=b=c=1$