cho lim \(u_n=5\); lim \(v_n=13\) và lim \(\left(u_n+kv_n\right)=2007\). Tính k?
Cho hai dãy số \(\left( {{u_n}} \right),\left( {{v_n}} \right)\) với \({u_n} = 3 + \frac{1}{n};{v_n} = 5 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}.\) Tính các giới hạn sau:
a) \(\lim {u_n},\lim {v_n}.\)
b) \(\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right),\lim \left( {{u_n} - {v_n}} \right),\lim \left( {{u_n}.{v_n}} \right),\lim \frac{{{u_n}}}{{{v_n}}}.\)
a) \(\begin{array}{l}\lim {u_n} = \lim \left( {3 + \frac{1}{n}} \right) = \lim 3 + \lim \frac{1}{n} = 3 + 0 = 3\\\lim {v_n} = \lim \left( {5 - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right) = \lim 5 - \lim \frac{2}{{{n^2}}} = 5 - 0 = 5\end{array}\)
b)
\(\begin{array}{l}\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right) = \lim {u_n} + \lim {v_n} = 3 + 5 = 8\\\lim \left( {{u_n} - {v_n}} \right) = \lim {u_n} - \lim {v_n} = 3 - 5 = - 2\\\lim \left( {{u_n}.{v_n}} \right) = \lim {u_n}.\lim {v_n} = 3.5 = 15\\\lim \frac{{{u_n}}}{{{v_n}}} = \frac{{\lim {u_n}}}{{\lim {v_n}}} = \frac{3}{5}\end{array}\)
Tìm \(lim\) \(u_n\), biết \(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{3^2-1}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2-1}\).
A. \(lim\) \(u_n=\dfrac{3}{4}\).
B. \(lim\) \(u_n=\dfrac{3}{5}\).
C. \(lim\) \(u_n=\dfrac{2}{3}\).
D. \(lim\) \(u_n=\dfrac{4}{3}\).
Giải thích chi tiết bước làm và tại sao lại làm như vậy.
\(u_n=\dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{3^2-1}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2-1}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(2-1\right)\left(2+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{\left(3-1\right)\left(3+1\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{1\cdot3}+\dfrac{1}{2\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)\cdot\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1\cdot3}+\dfrac{2}{2\cdot4}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)}-\dfrac{1}{\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\cdot\left(\dfrac{3}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2n+2}\)
\(\lim\limits u_n=\lim\limits\left(\dfrac{3}{4}-\dfrac{1}{2n+2}\right)\)
\(=\lim\limits\dfrac{3}{4}-\lim\limits\dfrac{1}{2n+2}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}-\lim\limits\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{n}}{2+\dfrac{1}{n}}\)
=3/4
=>Chọn A
Cho hai dãy số \(\left( {{u_n}} \right),\left( {{v_n}} \right)\) với \({u_n} = 8 + \frac{1}{n};{v_n} = 4 - \frac{2}{n}.\)
a) Tính \(\lim {u_n},\lim {v_n}.\)
b) Tính \(\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right)\) và so sánh giá trị đó với tổng \(\lim {u_n} + \lim {v_n}.\)
c) Tính \(\lim \left( {{u_n}.{v_n}} \right)\) và so sánh giá trị đó với tích \(\left( {\lim {u_n}} \right).\left( {\lim {v_n}} \right).\)
a) Vì \(\lim \left( {8 + \frac{1}{n} - 8} \right) = \lim \frac{1}{n} = 0\) nên \(\lim {u_n} = 8.\)
Vì \(\lim \left( {4 - \frac{2}{n} - 4} \right) = \lim \frac{{ - 2}}{n} = 0\) nên \(\lim {v_n} = 4.\)
b) \({u_n} + {v_n} = 8 + \frac{1}{n} + 4 - \frac{2}{n} = 12 - \frac{1}{n}\)
Vì \(\lim \left( {12 - \frac{1}{n} - 12} \right) = \lim \frac{{ - 1}}{n} = 0\) nên \(\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right) = 12.\)
Mà \(\lim {u_n} + \lim {v_n} = 12\)
Do đó \(\lim \left( {{u_n} + {v_n}} \right) = \lim {u_n} + \lim {v_n}.\)
c) \({u_n}.{v_n} = \left( {8 + \frac{1}{n}} \right).\left( {4 - \frac{2}{n}} \right) = 32 - \frac{{14}}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}\)
Sử dụng kết quả của ý b ta có \(\lim \left( {32 - \frac{{14}}{n} - \frac{2}{{{n^2}}}} \right) = \lim 32 - \lim \frac{{14}}{n} - \lim \frac{2}{{{n^2}}} = 32\)
Mà \(\left( {\lim {u_n}} \right).\left( {\lim {v_n}} \right) = 32\)
Do đó \(\lim \left( {{u_n}.{v_n}} \right) = \left( {\lim {u_n}} \right).\left( {\lim {v_n}} \right).\)
cho dãy số (un) có số hạng \(u_n=\dfrac{2^n+5^n}{5^n}+\dfrac{3^n+8^n}{3^n}\). tính \(lim\left(u_n\right)\)
\(\lim\left(\dfrac{2^n+5^n}{5^n}+\dfrac{3^n+8^n}{3^n}\right)=\lim\left[\left(\dfrac{2}{5}\right)^n+1+1+\left(\dfrac{8}{3}\right)^n\right]=2+\infty=+\infty\)
Cho dãy (Un) thoả mãn: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}U_1\in\left(0;1\right)\\U_{n+1}=U_n-U_n^2\end{matrix}\right.\) với \(n\ge1\)
Tính \(\lim\limits\left(U_n\right)\), \(\lim\limits\left(nU_n\right)\) và \(\lim\limits\dfrac{n\left(nU_n-2\right)}{\ln n}\)
Cho dãy số (\(u_n\)) xác định: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=5\\u_{n+1}=2u_n-3\end{matrix}\right.\).Tìm giới hạn lim(\(\dfrac{u_n}{2^n}\))
Cho dãy số \(\left(u_n\right)\) : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u_1=\frac{5}{2}\\u_{n+1}=\frac{1}{2}u_n^2-u_n+2\end{matrix}\right.\) với n=1,2,3... Chứng minh rằng \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}u_n=+\infty\) và tìm \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow+\infty}\left(\frac{1}{u_1}+\frac{1}{u_2}+...+\frac{1}{u_n}\right)\) ?
1) Có \(u_{n+1}-u_n=\dfrac{1}{2}u^2_n-2u_n+2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(u_n-2\right)^2\) (1)
+) CM \(u_n>2\) (n thuộc N*)
n=1 : u1= 5/2 > 2 (đúng)
Giả sử n=k, uk > 2 (k thuộc N*)
Ta cần CM n = k + 1. Thật vậy ta có:
\(u_{k+1}=\dfrac{1}{2}u^2_k-u_k+2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(u_k-2\right)^2+u_k\) (đúng)
Vậy un > 2 (n thuộc N*) (2)
Từ (1) (2) => un+1 - un > 0, hay un+1 > un
=> (un) là dãy tăng => \(\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}u_n=+\infty\)
2) \(2u_{n+1}=u^2_n-2u_n+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2u_{n+1}-4=u^2_n-2u_n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(u_{n+1}-2\right)=u_n\left(u_n-2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}=\dfrac{2}{u_n\left(u_n-2\right)}=\dfrac{1}{u_n-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{u_n}=\dfrac{1}{u_n-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)
\(S=\dfrac{1}{u_1}+\dfrac{1}{u_2}+...+\dfrac{1}{u_n}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{u_1-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_2-2}+\dfrac{1}{u_2-2}+...-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{u_1-2}-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)
\(=2-\dfrac{1}{u_{n+1}-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\lim\limits_{n\rightarrow\infty}S=2\)
Cho hai dãy số \(\left(u_n\right)\) và \(\left(v_n\right)\). Biết \(\lim\limits u_n=3;\lim\limits v_n=+\infty\). Tính các giới hạn :
a) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{3u_n-1}{u_n+1}\)
b) \(\lim\limits\dfrac{v_n+2}{v^2_n-1}\)
Biết \(limu_n=+\infty\). Tính \(lim\dfrac{u_n+1}{3u_n^2+5}\)
\(\lim\limits\dfrac{u_n+1}{3\cdot u_n^2+5}\)
\(=\lim\limits\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{u_n}+\dfrac{1}{u_n^2}}{3+\dfrac{5}{u_n^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{0+0}{3+0}=\dfrac{0}{3}=0\)