a) \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}-\dfrac{c}{d}< 0\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad-bc}{bd}< 0\)\(\Leftrightarrow ad-bc< 0\) ( do bc>0) \(\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\) (đpcm)

b) \(ad< bc\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)(đpcm)

\(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{c^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}\)  (1)

Lại có vì : \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{b^2}=\dfrac{ac}{bd}\)  (2)

Từ (1) và (2) => ĐPCM

Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)

Bài 1: Đặt \(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=k\)

\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=ck\\b=dk\end{matrix}\right.\)

\(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{ck}{ck+c}=\dfrac{ck}{c\left(k+1\right)}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

\(\dfrac{b}{b+d}=\dfrac{dk}{dk+d}=\dfrac{k}{k+1}\)

Do đó: \(\dfrac{a}{a+c}=\dfrac{b}{b+d}\)

1. Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{ab}{cd},\dfrac{c}{d}=\dfrac{bc}{bd}\)

a) Mẫu chung bd > 0 ( do b > 0, d > 0 ) nên nếu \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\) thì ad < bc

b) Ngược lại, Nếu ad < bc thì \(\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}.\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)

Ta có thể viết: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Leftrightarrow ad< bc\)

2. a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\Rightarrow ad< bc\) ( 1 )

Thêm ab vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+ab< bc+ab\)

\(a\left(b+d\right)< b\left(a+c\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}\) ( 2 )

Thêm cd vào 2 vế của (1): \(ad+cd< bc+cd\)

\(d\left(a+c\right)< c\left(b+d\right)\Rightarrow\dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\) ( 3 )

Từ (2) và (3) ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{a+c}{b+d}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)

1.

a) Ta có: \(\dfrac{a}{b}< \dfrac{c}{d}\)

\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{ad}{bd}< \dfrac{bc}{bd}\)

\(\Rightarrow ad< bc\left(đpcm\right)\)

Vậy ad < bc

Có \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{c}{d}< =>\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}\)

Áp dụng dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:

\(\dfrac{a}{c}=\dfrac{b}{d}=\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\)

<=> \(\left(\dfrac{a}{c}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{b}{d}\right)^2=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\)

<=> \(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\left(\dfrac{a+b}{c+d}\right)^2\)(1)

Có \(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}\)

Áp dụng DTSBN ta có: 

\(\dfrac{a^2}{c^2}=\dfrac{b^2}{d^2}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{c^2+d^2}\)(2)

Từ (1) (2) => đpcm.